B6 
1894 


U.CJEl 

CRG.-AES. 


lalifornia 
gional 


BIO-AGRICULTURAL  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
RIVERSIDE,  CALIFORNIA  92502 


x\    , •  gyvuvo 

/   .  fe 


N  Of  OAU 


THE  J^INNESOTA  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES 

At  Minneapolis  Minn. 
OCCASIONAL   PAPERS  VOL.  I  NO.  1 

CHARLES  E.  WEAVER  COLLECTION 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

RIVERSIDE 

PRELIMINARY    NOTES 


ON   THE 


BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS 


COLLECTED   BY   THE 


MENAGE  SCIENTIFIC  EXPEDITION 


TO   THE 


PHILIPPINE   ISLANDS 


BY  FRANK  S.  BOURNS  AND  DEAN  C.  WORCESTER 


MINNEAPOLIS 

PRINTED  FOB  THE  ACADEMY 

Decembers  1894. 


THE   MINNESOTA   ACADEMY   OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES 

At  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
OCCASIONAL   PAPERS,  VOL.  I.,   NO.  1 


PRELIMINARY    NOTES 


ON   THE 


BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS 


COLLECTED   BY   THE 


MENAGE  SCIENTIFIC  EXPEDITION 


TO   THE 


PHILIPPINE   ISLANDS 


BY  FRANK  S.  BOURNS  AND  DEAN  C.  WORCESTER 


MINNEAPOLIS 

FEINTED  KOK  THE   ACADEMY 

December  1H94 


JUA 


Printed  by 
HAKKISON  &  SMITH 


EDITORIAL  NOTE. 


With  this  brochure  the  Trustees  of  the  Minnesota  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  enter  upon  the  issue  of  a  new  series  of  publications. 
It  is  termed  "Occasional  Papers."  The  series  is  instituted  to  enable 
the  Academy  to  print  the  researches  of  its  members  when  such  re- 
searches attain  the  measure  of  a  monograph  or  memoir.  It  will 
also  enable  the  Trustees  to  prepare  and  distribute  the  results  of  in- 
vestigations more  promptly  than  could  be  done  were  such  material 
to  await  its  place  in  the  series  of  Bulletins.  It  is  hoped  that  the  rea- 
sons which  have  prevented  the  inception  of  the  series  of  Occasional 
Papers  will  not  in  the  future  prevent  the  issue  of  such  material  as 
may  be  deemed  worthy  of  publication. 

The  specimens  described  in  the  following  "Preliminary  Notes"  as 
well  as  the  entire  collection  of  the  Menage  Scientific  Expedition  to 
the  Philippine  Islands,  are  the  property  of  the  Minnesota  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences.  An  exchange  list  will  be  issued  to  which  the 
attention  of  all  zoologists  and  of  ornithologists  in  particular  will  be 
invited.  C.  W.  HALL. 


PRELIMINARY  NOTES  ON  THE  BIRDS  AND  MAMMALS 
COLLECTED  BY  THE  MENAGE  SCIENTIFIC  EXPE- 
DITION TO  THE  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 


BY  FRANK  S.  BOURNS  AND  DEAN  C.  WORCESTER. 


I. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  writers  of  the  present  paper  had  the  honor  of  forming  two  of 
the  "  party  of  five  collectors  from  the  United  States"  which  consti 
tuted  the  Steere  Expedition  to  the  Philippines.  In  company  with 
Dr.  Steere  they  visited,  in  1887-88,  thirteen  of  the  larger  islands  of 
the  group.  The  birds  and  mammals  collected  by  them  were  placed 
at  the  disposal  of  Dr.  Steere  for  identification  and  description. 

Being  convinced  that  much  remained  to  be  done,  both  in  the  dis- 
covery of  new  species  and  in  the  working  out  of  the  exact  distribu- 
tion of  species  already  known,  we  were  extremely  anxious  to  return 
and  continue  the  work.  This  we  were  enabled  to  do  in  the  summer 
of  1890  through  the  liberality  of  Mr.  Louis  P.  Menage  a  public 
spirited  citizen  of  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  and  a  member  of  the 
Minnesota  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

The  entire  expense  of  the  expedition  was  borne  by  Mr.  Menage 
and  its  results  were  donated  to  the  Academy  of  Sciences. 

We  found  in  Mr.  Menage  a  supporter  careful  as  to  the  ends  for 
which  the  funds  he  supplied  were  expended,  but  quick  to  see  and 
appreciate  the  needs  of  the  expedition  and  always  ready  to  meet 
them. 


6  BOURNS   A1SD   WORCESTER:    PRELIMINARY    NOTES. 

We  originally  planned  to  spend  two  years  in  the  field.  As  the 
time  allowed  us  drew  near  its  end,  and  it  became  evident  that  we 
could  not  complete  the  work  we  desired  to  do  before  its  expiration, 
we  asked  for  an  extension  of  time  which  Mr.  Menage  readily  granted. 
At  the  end  of  two  years  we  separated,  Mr.  Bourns  going  to  Borneo 
to  collect  the  interesting  mammals  of  that  region  and  Mr.  Worcester 
remaining  in  the  Philippines  to  complete  the  work  there. 
When  all  the  localities  in  which  we  had  planned  to  make  collections, 
with  the  exception  of  North  Luzon  and  the  Babuyanes  and  Batanes 
islands,  had  been  visited  a  serious  attack  of  illness  brought  Mr. 
Worcester's  work  to  an  end  and  this  promising  field,  from  which  we 
had  anticipated  much,  had  to  be  left  unexplored. 

During  the  stay  of  two  years  and  five  months  the  following  islands 
were  visited:  Luzon,  Samar,  Mindanao,  Basilan,  Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi, 
Palawan  Culion,  Busuanga,  Mindoro,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyau, 
Panay,  Guimaras,  Negros,  Cebu,  Siquijor. 

At  the  time  of  our  visit  Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Romblon  and  Sibuyan 
were  new  localities,  and  though  we  learned  from  the  natives  that  the 
French  Naturalist,  Marche,  had  visited  the  Calamianes  Islands 
(Culion  and  Busuanga)  we  have  been  unable  to  find  any -record  of 
his  collections. 

We  returned  to  this  country  in  the  early  summer  of  1893  expecting 
immediately  to  begin  work  on  our  material,  but  the  financial  troubles 
prevailing  at  that  time  had  seriously  embarrassed  many,  friends  of 
the  Academy,  so  that  during  the  stagnation  that  followed  the  panic 
of  1893  the  work  came  to  a  standstill  and  could  not  be  resumed  un- 
til the  summer  of  the  present  year. 

Meanwhile  Mr.  A.  Everett,  the  well  known  Philippine  and 
Bornean  collector,  had  visited  Sibutu  and  Bongao  and  sent  his  col- 
lectors to  Tawi  Tawi,  so  -that  several  of  our  most  important  discov- 
eries in  the  latter  island  have  been  anticipated. 

The  following  preliminary  notes  will  be  followed  at  a  later  date 
by  a  more  extended  paper  in  which  many  results  of  our  trip  which 
can  not  here  be  even  mentioned  will  be  brought  out  and  their  exact 
bearing  on  the  work  of  our  predecessors  made  plain. 

We  wish  to  express  our  very  sincere  gratitude  to  Dr.  Thomas  S. 
Roberts,  Professor  Henry  F.  Nachtrieb,  Professor  Henry  L.  Osborn, 


HOUKNS    AM)    WOKCKSTEK:    1'KKUMINAUY    .N  • 


II. 

NEW  SPECIES  OF  BINDS. 

The  following  species  are  believed  to  be  new: 

1.  Ninox  spilonotus  sp.  nov. 

Sexes  alike.  General  color  of  upper  surface  fulvous  brown. 
Feathers  of  head,  nape,  interscapulars  and  wing-coverts  spotted 
with  light  rufous  brown  giving  the  parts  in  question  a  decidedly 
speckled  appearance.  Rump  fulvous  brown,  upper  tail-coverts 
faintly  spotted  with  pale  rufous  brown.  Tail  nearly  black  with 
nine  narrow  transverse  bands  of  light  rufous  brown.  Quills  like 
tail  but  spotted,  instead  of  barred,  with  light  rufous  brown.  Scap- 
ulars like  back,  some  of  them  with  large  nearly  white  spots  on 
outer  webs.  A  few  of  greater  series  of  wing  coverts  also  spotted 
with  white  on  outer  webs.  Chin  and  throat  whitish,  almost  pure 
white  in  one  specimen,  in  others  light  rufous  brown,  the  feathers 
always  with  black  shaft  stripes.  Auriculars  fulvous  brown  some 
what  mixed  with  light  rufous  brown.  Sides  of  neck  like  head. 
Breast,  abdomen,  flanks  and  thighs,  under  wing  coverts  and  axil 
laries  rufous  brown,  the  depth  of  the  color  subject  to  great  individ- 
ual variation.  Many  feathers  of  breast  and  abdomen  with  fulvous 
brown  spots  and  all  with  blackish  bases.  Under  surface  of  wing 
fulvous  brown.  Inner  webs  of  feathers,  especially  of  secondaries, 
spotted  and  barred  with  light  rufous  brown.  A  spot  of  white  on 
bend  of  wing.  Tarsus  feathered  for  rather  more  than  half  its 
length.  Iris  yellow,  legs  and  feet  pale  yellow,  bill  black  at  tip,  gray 
at  base.  Two  females  measure  9.50  inches  in  length.  Culmen,  .53. 
Tarsus,  1.21.  Wing,  7.13.  Tail,  4.00. 

Habitat:     Cebu,  Sibuyan,  Tablas,  Mindoro. 

A  single  specimen  of  this  species  was  secured  in  Cebu  by  Mr. 
Worcester  in  1838.  Its  curious  mottled  back  and  under  surface 
were  suggestive  of  immaturity,  and  Dr.  Steere  thought  it  to  be  the 
young  of  some  undescribed  species.  We  have  altogether  too  much 
material  now  to  make  such  a  theory  tenable. 

2.  Phabotreron  cinereiceps  sp,  nov. 

Top  of  head,  nape  and  sides  of  neck  clear  ashy  gray,  slightly 
washed  with  rufous  on  forehead.  Hind-neck  amethystine  as  in  P. 


INTRODUCTION.  < 

Mr.  Edward  C.  Gale  and  Mr.  Horace  V.  Winchell  for  the  large 
amount  of  time  which  they  have  given  to  the  carrying  out  of  our 
common  plans;  to  the  Athenaeum  Library  Board  and  the  Minneapo- 
lis Public  Library  for  their  liberality  in  providing  the  literature 
without  which  the  work  would  have  been  impossible  and  to  the 
many  friends  of  the  Academy  who  have  furnished  financial  aid  at 
a  time  when  they  could  ill. afford  to  do  so. 

In  connection  with  our  final  paper  we  shall  publish  careful  meas- 
urements of  all  the  species  of  land  birds  obtained.  With  the*  excep- 
tion of  the  birds  collected  by  Mr.  Moseley  no  measurements  were 
taken  in  the  field  on  the  birds  of  the  Steere  Expedition  and  many  of 
the  length  measurements  given  for  them  were  taken  from  dry  skins 
and  are,  therefore,  unreliable.  With  very  few  exceptions  all  of  the 
birds  collected  by  the  Menage  Expedition  were  measured  in  the  flesh 
for  length  and  during  the  past  summer  a  complete  and  careful  se- 
ries of  measurements  of  more  than  four  thousand  specimens  has  been 
prepared  by  Messrs.  Lawrence  E.  Griffin  and  Ernest  G.  Martin  of 
Hamline  University,  Saint  Paul,  Minn.  We  are  greatly  indebted  to 
both  of  these  young  men  for  the  care  and  diligence  with  which  they 
carried  out  this  important  piece  of  work.  The  data  furnished  by 
them  will  enable  us  not  only  to  furnish  for  each  species  average 
measurements  from  a  large  series  of  specimens  but  also  to  ascer- 
tain the  relative  amount  of  individual  variation  in  the  representatives 
of  those  genera  which  display  a  strong  tendency  to  develop  local 
species  as  compared  with  other  genera  which  show  no  such  tendency. 
In  addition  to  the  work  above  mentioned  Messrs.  Griffin  and  Martin 
gave  us  much  valuable  assistance. 


NEW   SPECIES   OK   J51KDS.  cj 

amethystina.  Back,  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  brown  with  l>r«,n/.,. 
reflections,  the  tail  coverts  slightly  more  ruddy  than  back.  Four 
outer  pairs  of  tail  feathers  dark  brown,  lighter  at  base.  Two  cen- 
tral pairs  ruddy  brown  with  bronze  reflections.  All  the  tail  feathers 
with  ashy  tips  which  form  a  distinct  terminal  band  £  inch  in  width. 
Shafts  of  tail  feathers  black.  Wing  coverts  and  secondaries  uni- 
form with  back.  Primaries  dark  brown,  the  first  five  sharply  edged 
with  rusty  brown  on  outer  web.  A  narrow  black  stripe  under  eye. 
Sides  of  face,  ear- coverts,  fore- neck  and  breast  rich  ruddy  brown, 
the  breast  with  slight  metallic  gloss.  Chin  and  throat  lighter.  Ab- 
domen and  thighs  fulvous  brown.  Flanks  darker  with  slight  me- 
tallic wash.  Under  tail  coverts  clear  ashy  gray.  Shafts  of  tail- 
feathers  with  basal  half  black,  apical  half  white.  Under  surface  of 
tail  nearly  black,  the  terminal  grey  band  distinct  and  wider  than  on 
upper  surface,  measuring  .6  inch  on  outer  pair  of  feathers.  Under 
wing-coverts  and  axillaries  like  the  flanks.  Under  surface  of  quills 
uniform  dark  brown.  Bill  black.  Legs  and  feet  dirty  purplish.  Nails 
black.  Iris  in  one  specimen  bright  yellow,  in  another  orange  red. 
Length,  10.25  in.  Culmen,  .80.  Wing,  5.29.  Tail,  3.90.  Tarsus, 
.70.  Sexes  alike. 
Habitat:  Tawi  Tawi. 

3.    Phabotreron  brunneiceps  sp.  nov. 

Above  dark  brown  with  greenish  reflections.  Amethystine  spot 
on  hind  neck  less  blue  than  P.  amethystina.  Top  of  head  brown, 
the  forehead  slightly  lighter  and  nape  slightly  darker  than  crown. 
Narrow  dark  brown  streak  under  eye.  Sides  of  face  and  ear-coverts 
brown,  paler  than  crown.  Narrow  dark  brown  streak  under  eye. 
Chin  and  throat  grayish  fulvous.  Breast  pearly  ash.  Abdomen, 
flanks,  thighs  and  under  tail-coverts  ochraceous  brown.  Under 
surface  of  tail  brownish  black,  with  broad  grey  terminal  band. 
Under  wing-coverts  and  axillaries  fulvous  brown.  Primaries  with 
sharply  defined  light  edges  on  upper  web.  Below  slightly  more 
ashy.  Tail-feathers  brown  above  with  distinct  terminal  bands  of 
grey.  Central  pair  with  slight  metallic  gloss.  Shafts  of  quills 
black  above  and  below  except  the  terminal  half  inch  which  is  white. 
Bill  black.  Feet  dark  pink.  Nails  brown.  Iris  orange  red.  Length, 
10.33  inches.  Culmen,  .94.  Wing,  5.21.  Tail,  3.50.  Tarsus,  .72.  A 
well  defined  species  readily  distinguished  from  P.  amethystina  by 
its  smaller  size  and  the  entirely  different  color  of  its  under  surface. 

Habitat:     Basilan. 


10  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY    NOTES. 

4.  Phabotreron  maculipectus  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Upper  surface  exactly  as  in  P.  atnethystina  except 
that  the  primaries  are  slightly  darker.  Dark  brown  stripe  under  eye 
extending  from  gape  through  ear-coverts  to  hind-neck.  Below  this 
a  white  stripe  and  a  second  shorter  dark  stripe  below  the  latter. 
Cheeks  fulvous  brown.  Chin  and  throat  more  ruddy  brown.  Breast 
clear  ashy  grey,  each  feather  having  an  edging  distinctly  lighter 
than  its  center,  producing  a  beautiful  mottled  appearance.  Feathers 
on  center  of  fore-breast  washed  with  brown  and  forming  a  distinct 
patch.  Feathers  of  abdomen  lack  the  dark  centers,  and  their  edges 
are  washed  with  light  brown.  Thighs  and  under  tail-coverts  cinnamon 
brown,  much  lighter  than  in  P.  amethystina.  Under  surface  of 
tail-feathers  dark  brown,  nearly  black,  with  faint  metallic  gloss 
and  a  broad  grey  terminal  band.  Shafts  of  feathers  black  chang- 
ing to  white  at  tips.  Under  surface  of  wing  and  axillaries  uniform 
fulvous  brown.  Bill  black.  Feet  dark  pink.  Nails  dark  brown, 
nearly  black.  Culmen,  1.02.  Wing,  5.69.  Tail,  4.55.  Tarsus,  .77. 
Length  not  taken  from  birds  in  flesh.  This  beautiful  species  was 
obtained  in  the  island  of  Negros  on  the  mountains  of  the  interior, 
where  it  is  by  no  means  common.  It  is  distinguished  from  all  the 
other  species  of  the  genus  by  its  fine  mottled  breast. 

5.  Phabotreron  front  alls  sp.  nov. 

General  color  of  upper  surface  as  in  P.  brunneiceps  but  forehead 
and  crown  lighter,  nape  washed  with  ashy  grey,  and  lacking 
metallic  gloss.  Tail  glossed  with  dull  bronze  instead  of  amethystine 
and  terminal  band  less  strongly  marked  than  in  brunneiceps.  Under 
surface  much  as  in  brunneiceps  but  everywhere  darker.  Under 
tail  coverts  ashy  grey  slightly  tipped  with  fulvous.  Tail  much  as 
in  brunneiceps,  the  outer  web  of  outer  pair  of  feathers  being,  how- 
ever, light  brown.  Basal  half  of  shafts  dirty  whitish.  Apical 
fourth  white,  rest  brown.  Iris  pale  orange.  Bill  black.  Legs  and 
feet  purple.  Nails  light  brown.  Sexes  alike.  Length,  10.37  inches. 
Culmen,  2.00.  Wing,  5.57.  Tail,  3.95.  Tarsus,  .81. 

Habitat:    Cebu. 

6.  Phlogoenas  menage!  sp.  nov. 

Entire  upper  surface  of  head,  nape,  hind-neck,  upper  back,  sides 
of  neck  and  sides  of  breast  rich  metallic  green.  Scapulars  and  inter- 
scapulars  dark  brown,  broadly  edged  with  elegant  violet  when  spe- 
cimen is  held  between  observer  and  the  light,  this  color  changing  to 
deep  green  when  specimen  is  held  away  from  source  of  light.  Rump 


NEW  SPECIES   OF   BIKDS.  jj 

and  upper  tail-coverts  ruddy  brown  narrowly  edged  with  the  metal- 
lic colors  of  the  back.  A  few  of  the  longest  coverts  nearly  black, 
washed  with  rufous  brown  at  the  tips.  Basal  portion  of  tail  feath- 
ers dark  ashy  grey,  the  two  central  feathers  darkest.  A  distinct 
sub-terminal  band  of  black  on  all  but  the  central  pair  of  feathers. 
All  the  feathers  with  a  terminal  grey  band,  least  distinct  on  central 
pair.  Wing  coverts  dark  brown,  broadly  tipped  with  metallic  green 
except  outer  series,  which  are  broadly  tipped  with  ashy  grey.  Pri- 
mary and  secondary  coverts  and  secondaries  fulvous  brown,  the 
outer  half  of  outer  webs  of  feathers  rich  rufous  brown,  the  inner 
secondaries  having  the  entire  outer  web,  and  tip  of  inner  web,  of 
this  color.  Primaries  fulvous  brown  faintly  washed  with  rufous 
brown  on  basal  half  of  outer  webs.  Lores,  a  narrow  line  under  eye 
and  ear-coverts  nearly  black  with  a  faint  wash  of  metallic  green. 

The  metallic  green  of  back  and  sides  of  neck  continued  in  a  dis- 
tinct band  across  the  breast,  only  slightly  interrupted  at  center  of 
breast  and  enclosing  a  beautiful  oiange  plastron  formed  by  the 
bristle-like  tips  of  the  feathers  of  the  fore- breast.  Basal  portion  of 
these  feathers  as  well  as  chin,  throat,  sides  of  face  and  sides  of 
throat  pure  white.  An  indistinct  white  band  behind  the  green  pec- 
toral band.  Hind  breast  and  upper  abdomen  pearly  ash,  a  few  of 
the  feathers  tipped  with  creamy  white.  Belly  creamy  white. 
Planks,  thighs  and  under  tail-coverts  buff.  Under  surface  of  tail 
like  upper,  the  terminal  band  being  rather  more  pronounced.  Under 
wing  coverts,  axillaries  and  basal  portion  of  inner  webs  of  all  the 
quills  chestnut  brown.  Rest  of  quills  dark  brown.  Bill  slaty  grey 
at  tip,  black  at  base.  Legs  and  feet  light  red.  Nails  light  brown. 
Iris  light  silver  grey.  Length,  11.25  inches.  Culmen,  .85.  Wing, 
6.03.  Tail,  4.07.  Tarsus,  1.43. 

Extremely  rare  and  difficult  to  obtain.  We  secured  two  fine  males 
but  failed  to  get  a  female. 

Habitat:     Tawi  Tawi. 

We  take  pleasure  in  naming  this  fine  bird  in  honor  of  Louis  F. 
Menage,  through  whose  liberality  our  second  visit  to  the  Philip- 
pine Islands  was  made  possible. 

7.    Batrachostomus  menagei  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Top  of  head  rich  dark  brown  slightly  washed  with 
black.  Feathers  of  forehead  buff,  tipped  with  fulvous  brown,  form- 
ing a  distinct  buff  stripe  reaching  back  to  eye.  Feathers  of  crown 
lighter  fulvous  with  spots  of  rufous  brown  on  the  edges,  each  spot 
being  surrounded  with  black.  Somo  of  the  feathers  tipped  with  ru- 
fous, and  having  black  sub  terminal  bands.  Occiput  and  nape  with 


12  HOUUNS   AND   WORCESTER:    PRELIMINARY    NOTES. 

less  black.  Elongated  auriculars  tawny  buff,  with  black  spots  and 
bars,  the  tips  being  black.  Sides  of  face  tawny  buff  streaked  with 
black,  lighter  below.  A  distinct  buffy  white  nuchal  collar  formed 
by  white  subtermlnal  bars  on  feathers  of  neck,  the  bases  of  which 
are  dark  buff  thickly  vermiculated  with  black.  Their  tips  are  black, 
and  a  black  band  intervenes  between  the  white  subterminal  band 
and  the  buffy  bases  of  the  feathers.  Feathers  of  back  dark  brown, 
thickly  vermiculated  with  black.  Feathers  of  rump  fulvous  brown, 
spotted  with  black  and  reddish  brown  toward  their  tips,  these  col- 
ors assuming  the  form  of  irregular  bands  on  the  upper  tail-coverts 
A  few  of  the  shorter  scapulars  almost  black  with  irregular  bars  of 
dark  rufous  brown.  Outer  webs  of  longer  scapulars  light  buff,  the 
two  outermost  feathers  being  entirely  of  this  color.  The  next  scap- 
ulars have  inner  webs  thickly  vermiculated  with  black.  The  inner 
and  longest  scapulars  have  both  webs  marked  in  this  manner,  their 
inner  webs  being  the  darker.  The  last  of  the  longer  scapulars  with 
an  irregular  terminal  spot  of  black.  Lesser  wing  coverts  nearly 
black  tipped  with  chocolate  brown.  Bases  of  primary  coverts  ful- 
vous brown,  the  outer  webs  heavily  spotted  with  rufous  brown,  the 
inner  webs  less  so,  and  a  subterminal  bar  of  black  crossing  entire 
outer  and  half  of  inner  web,  all  the  feathers  tipped  with  prominent 
spots  of  creamy  white.  Secondary  coverts  like  primary  coverts 
but  the  black  bar  and  white  spot  confined  to  outer  web. 

Primaries  fulvous  brown  when  held  toward  light,  changing  to 
smoky  brown  when  held  away  from  light.  Outer  webs  spotted  with 
buffy  white  throughout  their  entire  length,  the  spots  being  much 
lighter  on  second  and  third  primaries.  Tips  of  feathers  mottled 
with  rufous  brown.  General  color  of  secondaries  same  as  primaries, 
their  outer  webs  and  tips  being  spotted  with  rufous  brown  and 
these  spots  in  turn  being  speckled  with  fulvous  brown.  Inner  three 
secondaries  speckled  with  fulvous  brown,  rufous  brown  and  creamy 
white,  each  feather  with  a  terminal  spot  of  fulvous.  General  color 
of  tail  rufous  brown  distinctly  barred  with  lighter  rufous  brown, 
each  of  these  bars  succeeded  by  a  narrow  irregular  bar  of  black,  the 
entire  feather  thickly  speckled  with  black  and  each  feather  having 
a  small  black  terminal  spot.  Throat  and  fore-breast  like  sides  of 
face.  A  buffy  white  pectoral  band  continuous  with  nuchal  collar 
and  succeeded  by  a  second  creamy  white  band,  the  feathers  between 
the  two  bands  being  brown  thickly  vermiculated  with  black  and 
creamy  white.  Abdomen  lighter.  Flanks  and  under  tail  coverts 
ashy,  slightly  tinged  with  pinkish,  some  of  the  feathers  with  dark 
black  shaft  stripes,  others  with  small  terminal  spots  of  black.  Un- 
der surface  of  tail  much  like  coverts,  the  black  markings  of  upper 


NEW   SPECIES   OF    BIRDS.  13 

surface  showing  only  faintly.  Shafts  of  tail-feathers  creamy  white. 
Under  wing  coverts  fulvous  brown  tipped  with  white.  Axillaries 
white.  Eyes  pale  yellow.  Legs,  feet  and  nails  nearly  white.  Up- 
per mandible  brown,  lower  dirty  green.  Culmen,  1.05  inches.  Wing, 
5.46.  Tail,  4.14.  Tarsus,  .61. 

Food,  beetles.  Native  name  "cow-cow."  The  single  specimen  ob- 
tained is  a  fully  adult  male.  Its  rich  and  complicated  markings  are 
very  difficult  to  describe. 

We  have  named  it  in  honor  of  Mr.  Menage. 

8.     Ceyx  nigrirostris  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  General  color  of  back  and  upper  tail-coverts  bright 
cobalt  blue,  slightly  lighter  than  in  C.  cyanipectus.  Crown  and  nape 
blue-black  thickly  spotted  with  bright  cobalt,  the  spots  being  much 
wider  arid  slightly  lighter  than  in  C.  cyanipectus.  Spots  much  larger 
on  hind  neck,  causing  it  to  appear  nearly  uniform  cobalt. 

Scapulars  black,  heavily  washed  with  dark  verditer  blue.  Wing- 
coverts  washed  with  verditer  blue,  each  feather  with  a  bright  spot 
or  stripe  of  cobalt  blue.  Wing  black,  the  outer  webs  of  secondaries 
heavily  washed  with  light  verditer  blue.  Tail  black,  the  central 
pair  of  feathers  washed  with  verditer  blue  on  both  webs,  the  others 
on  outer  webs  only.  Loral  spot  reddish  buff.  A  spot  of  same  color 
on  sides  of  neck.  Chin  and  throat  white,  washed  with  buff.  Fore- 
neck,  breast  and  abdomen  uniform  buff.  Flanks,  sides  of  breast 
and  a  complete  band  across  the  breast  dark  verditer  blue.  A  half 
band  of  same  color  behind  this.  Under  tail-coverts  buff,  the  larger 
ones  tipped  with  verditer  blue.  Under  wing  coverts  like  the  breast, 
with  a  spot  of  verditer  blue  at  end.  Basal  portion  of  inner  webs 
of  primaries  and  secondaries  washed  with  pale  buff.  Bill  black. 
Average  measurements  from  ten  males:  Culmen,  1.42  inches.  Tar- 
sus, .34  Wing,  2.22.  Tail,  .88.  Length  of  a  single  male  measured 
in  the  flesh,  6. 50.  Female  like  male,  but  has  only  a  half  band  of 
verditer  blue  across  the  breast,  this  being  more  imperfect  than  in 
C.  cyanipectus.  Average  measurements  from  three  females:  Cul- 
men, 1.45  inches.  Tarsus,  .33.  Wing,  2.34.  Tail,  .95.  Length  of 
single  female  measured  in  the  flesh,  5.63  inches. 

A  well  marked  species  easily  distinguished  from  C.  cyanipectus  its 
nearest  ally,  by  the  heavier  markings  on  crown  and  nape,  by  its 
black  bill  and  by  the  entirely  different  color  of  its  under  surface. 
Like  the  former  species,  it  is  strictly  confined  to  the  banks  of  fresh 
water  streams  and  it  is  usually  found  in  the  woods. 

Habitat:  Panay,  Negros,  Cebu. 


1:4  BOURNS  AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

9.  Centropus  steerii  sp.  nov. 

Sexes  alike.  Forehead,  crown  and  nape,  sides  of  face,  chin, 
throat  and  upper  breast  greenish  black.  The  coarse  shafts  of  the 
feathers  shiny  black,  the  webs  with  a  faint  greenish  tinge.  Hind 
neck  and  back,  sides  of  neck,  wing-coverts  and  breast  smoky  brown 
with  faint  greenish  tinge.  Hind  back  and  rump  slaty  black,  tips 
of  feathers  with  greenish  tinge.  Upper  tail-coverts  and  upper  sur- 
face of  tail  uniform  dull  metallic  green.  Shafts  of  feathers  jet 
black  from  base  to  tip.  Upper  surface  of  wings  earthy  brown  with 
metallic  green  gloss  like  the  tail,  except  on  the  outer  four  primaries, 
which  have  little  gloss.  Abdomen  browner  than  breast  and  with 
less  metallic  wash.  Flanks,  thighs  and  under  tail  coverts  like  rump. 
Under  surface  of  tail  black  with  faint  metallic  blue  gloss.  Under 
wing  coverts  and  axillaries  like  breast.  Under  surface  of  wing 
uniform  blackish  brown. 

Seven  males  measure  as  follows:  Length,  16.70  inches.  Wing, 
5.90.  Tail,  8.49.  Culmen,  1.58.  Tarsus,  1.65. 

A  female  measures  19.50  inches  in  length.  Wing,  6.21.  Tail,  9.16. 
Culmen,  1.74.  Tarsus,  1.69. 

Habitat:     Mindoro. 

The  strong,  hooked  beak  of  this  species  is  very  noticeable.  A 
single  specimen  was  collected  by  the  Steere  Expedition,  and 
Dr.  Steere  has  held  a  manuscript  description  of  it  ever  since.  We 
obtained  a  fine  series  of  specimens,  and  the  doctor  made  over 
his  claim  to  us.  We  are  indebted  to  Dr.  Steere  for  the  use  of  much 
valuable  material  for  comparison  and  name  this  species  in  his  honor. 
It  is  invariably  found  in  deep  forests  where  it  is  not  uncommon. 

10.  lyngipicus  menage!  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  General  color  of  upper  surface  dark  blackish  brown. 
Top  of  head  uniform  with  back.  A  small  spot  above  and  behind  eye 
creamy  white.  Scarlet  stripes  on  sides  of  occiput  shorter  than  in  I. 
maculatus  and  beginning  farther  back.  They  are  confluent  on  nape. 
Behind  and  under  the  scarlet  stripe  is  a  partially  concealed  spot  of 
creamy  white.  Scapulars,  interscapulars  and  back  barred  with 
creamy  white.  Rump  creamy  white,  some  of  the  feathers  with  nar- 
row brownish  black  shaft  stripes.  Upper  tail-coverts  brownish 
black,  broadly  edged  with  buffy  white.  Tail  brownish  black,  paler 
at  base  of  feathers  and  with  both  webs  of  feathers  spotted  with 
pale  buff  Wing  coverts  brownish  black,  each  feather  having  one 
or  two  creamy  white  spots  on  outer  web.  Wing  brownish  black. 
Outer  five  primaries  with  two  or  three  very  narrow  creamy  white 


NEW   SPECIES   OF    BIRDS.  15 

spots  on  outer  web,  or  with  no  spots  at  all.  Tips  of  inner  primaries 
and  inner  webs  of  all  primaries  spotted  with  creamy  white  Second- 
aries similarly  spotted  on  both  webs.  Ear-coverts  rusty  brown.  A 
creamy  white  malar  stripe  extending  back  of  ear-coverls.  Chin  and 
narrow  stripe  down  center  of  throat  white,  bordered  by  a  broad 
stripe  of  brownish  black  on  each  side,  the  tips  of  feathers  forming 
side  stripes  being  brownish  white.  Under  surface  with  strong  ful- 
vescent  wash.  Feathers  of  upper  breast  with  distinct  brownish  black 
shaft  marks.  Feathers  of  lower  breast  and  abdomen  with  ill  defined 
streaks  of  the  same  color.  Feathers  of  flanks  nearly  white,  with 
only  slight  dark  markings.  Under  tail-coverts  yellowish  white',  with 
dark  shaft  stripes.  Under  surface  of  tail  slightly  lighter  than  upper, 
but  tips  of  two  central  pairs  of  feathers  nearly  black.  Under  wing- 
coverts  and  axillaries  creamy  white,  spotted  with  brownish  black. 
Bend  of  wing  uniform  brownish  black. 

The  female  lacks  the  scarlet  head  markings  of  the  male  and  the 
creamy  white  spot,  which  is  partially  concealed  in  the  male,  is  in  the 
female  quite  conspicuous.  Otherwise  the  sexes  are  alike. 

Five  males  measure  in  length,  5.84  inches.  Culmen,  .80.  Wing,  8.07 
Tail,  1.59.  Tarsus,  .59.  Eight  females:  Length,  5.97.  Culmen,  .79 
Wing,  319.  Tail,  1.63.  Tarsus,  66.  Habitat:  Sibuy an. 

11.     Chibia  menagei  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male  in  worn  out  plumage.  Black.  Wings  with  metallic 
green  gloss.  Feathers  of  head,  nape,  neck  and  breast  with  spangles 
of  metallic  blue,  broad  on  crown,  elsewhere  narrow.  Scapulars, 
interscapulars,  back  and  rump  blue-black,  with  faint  metallic  gloss. 
Upper  tail  coverts  more  strongly  glossed,  especially  on  outer  web. 
Central  tail  feathers  and  outer  webs  of  others  glossed  like  the  wings. 
Tail  graduated,  the  outer  pair  of  feathers  exceeding  the  next  inner 
pair  by  one  and  one  fourth  inches  and  strongly  curved  upward  and  in- 
ward, so  that  at  tip  the  inner  web  of  feather  is  turned  outward. 
Neck-hackles  considerably  elongated.  Female  like  male.  None 
of  the  specimens  show  frontal  plumes. 

Average  measurements  of  nine  males:  Length,  13. 25  inches.  Cul- 
men, 1.37.  Wing,  5.39.  Tail,  6.91.  Tarsus,  1. 

Of  seven  females:  Length,  12.87.  Culmen,  1.37.  Wing,  5.36.  Tail, 
6.69.  Tarsus,  1.01. 

This  curious  species  is  by  far  the  largest  representative  of  its 
genus  yet  discovered  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  differs  striking- 
ly from  both  the  other  known  species,  one  of  which  is  confined  to 
Palawan  and  the  Calamianes  Islands,  while  the  other  occurs  in  the 
Sulu  group  and  in  Cagayan  Sulu. 


16  HOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:    PRELIMINARY    NOTES. 

C.  menagei  seems  to  be  strictly  confined  to  the  island  of  Tablas 
where  it  is  not  rare  in  the  deep  woods. 

12.     Oriolus  cinereogenys  sp.  nov. 

In  uniting  the  Tawi  Tawi  birds  with  O.  steerii  from  Basilan  and 
Mindanao,  Dr.  Sharp  has  evidently  overlooked  the  fact  that  the  Tawi 
Tawi  birds  invariably  have  the  cheeks  and  ear-coverts  clear  ashy 
grey,  while  in  birds  from  Basilan  and  Mindanao  they  are  just  as 
invariably  olive  green.  As  we  find  no  exception  to  this  rule  among 
our  fourteen  specimens  from  Basilan  and  twenty  from  Tawi  Tawi 
we  have  no  hesitation  in  separating  the  birds  from  the  latter  locality. 
It  may  be  added  that  the  rump  of  the  Tawi  Tawi  birds  is  rather 
brighter,  and  the  throat  decidedly  lighter  than  in  Basilan  birds.  Not 
one  of  our  Tawi  Tawi  birds  showrs  the  uniform  grey  throat  of  O. 
steerii.  Both  species  show  great  variability  in  the  color  of  under 
tail  coverts.  In  some  specimens  they  are  pure  yellow  and  in  others 
heavily  streaked  with  black. 

Fifteen  males  from  Tawi  Tawi  measure  as  follows:  Length,  8.01 
inches.  Culmen,  .96.  Wing,  4.59.  Tail,  3.19.  Tarsus,  .83. 

Habitat:    Tawi  Tawi. 

13.     Oriolus  nigrostriatus  sp.  nov. 

Similar  to  O.  steerii,  from  which  it  differs  in  having  the  lores, 
chin,  throat  and  upper  breast  decidedly  darker  ashy  and  the  mesial 
stripes  of  feathers  of  breast  and  abdomen  broader  and  much  deeper 
black,  the  general  color  of  wing  darker  and  the  washing  on  inner 
webs  of  quills  white  instead  of  yellow.  Rump  yellower  than  in  O. 
steerii,  the  edges  of  feathers  of  rump  bright  yellow.  Wing  more 
like  that  of  O.  assimilis  than  that  of  O.  steerii,  only  a  few  of  the 
secondaries  and  tertiaries  having  any  wash  of  yellowish  green. 
Lower  primary  coverts  have  no  yellow  wash.  Sexes  alike.  Length, 
8. 75  inches.  Culmen,  1.08.  Wing,  4.67.  Tail,  3.60.  Tarsus,  .82. 

The  first  specimen  of  this  species  was  obtained  by  Dr.  Steere  in 
the  island  of  Negros  in  1874,  and  was  described  by  Dr.  Sharpe 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2)  Zool.  i,  p.  329  (1877),  who  called  attention  to 
certain  differences  between  it  and  O.  steerii  from  Basilan  but  did 
not  care  to  found  a  species  on  such  slender  evidence  as  he  had  at 
hand.  The  Steere  Expedition  obtained  a  single  specimen  in  Mas- 
bate,  which  Dr.  Steere  incorrectly  identified  as  O.  assimilis,  a 
mistake  which  could  not  have  occurred  had  he  had  any  specimens  of 
O.  assimilis  for  comparison.  Strangely  enough  the  species  is  far 
more  closely  allied  to  O.  steerii  than  to  its  geographically  much 
nearer  neighbor  in  Cebu. 


NEW   SPECIES   OF   BIRDS.  17 

Habitat:  Negros,  Masbate.  It  will  doubtless  eventually  be  dis- 
covered in  Panay  also. 

14.  Aethopyga  arolasi  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Slightly  larger  than  Aethopyga  bella.  Upper  sur- 
face as  in  that  species.  Fore-breast  much  more  broadly  streaked 
with  orange.  Abdomen  and  under  tail-coverts  light  lemon  yellow, 
not  white. 

Adult  female:    Above  uniform  olive  green.     Does  not  show  the 
bright    yellow    rump    of    Aethopyga  bella.     Under  surface  inclin 
ing  to  white,  but  breast,  abdomen  and  under  tail-coverts  washed 
with  light  lemon  yellow. 

Average  measurements  from  ten  males:  Length,  3.44  inches. 
Culmen,  .70.  Wing,  1.59.  Tail,  1.30.  Tarsus,  .46. 

Prom  four  females:  Length,  3.26  inches.  Culmen,  .63.  Wing, 
1.59.  Tail,  .99.  Tarsus,  .49. 

Habitat:     Tawi  Tawi  and  Sulu. 

We  have  named  this  beautiful  sun-bird  in  honor  of  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral Juan  Arolas,  for  many  years  governor  of  the  Sulu  group,  to 
whom  we  are  indebted  for  much  personal  kindness  and  for  assis- 
tance without  which  our  work  in  Sulu  would  have  been  almost  im- 
possible. 

15.  Aethopyga  ho  nit  a  sp.  nov. 

Above  as  in  Aethopyga  arolasi  except  that  the  rump  is  orange 
yellow  instead  of  sulphur  yellow  and  the  metallic  spot  on  forehead 
is  violet  instead  of  metallic  green  when  held  away  from  the  light. 
Chin,  throat  and  fore-breast  bright  orange  yellow,  thickly  streaked 
with  deep  orange  red.  Mustachial  line,  sides  of  face  and  ear- patch 
as  in  Aethopyga  arolasi.  Lower  breast,  flanks,  abdomen  and  under 
tail  coverts  white,  distinctly  washed  with  lemon  yellow.  Under 
wing-coverts  and  inner  webs  of  quills  white.  Under  surface  of  tail 
black,  tips  of  some  of  the  feathers  grey. 

Adult  female:  Above  olive  green,  nearly  brown  on  forehead  and 
crown.  Rump  bright  yellow  as  in  Aethopyga  bella.  Tail  and  quills 
brownish  black  washed  with  olive  brown.  Sides  of  face  and  ear- 
coverts  ashy  grey.  Sides  of  neck  olive  green.  Chin  and  throat 
nearly  white.  Pore  breast  much  darker.  Hind-breast,  abdomen, 
flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  whitish,  strongly  washed  with  pale 
yellow.  Under  wing-coverts,  axillaries  and  inner  webs  of  quills 
white. 

Pour  males  measure  as  follows:  Length,  3.72  inches.  Culmen, 
.72.  Wing,  1.72.  Tail,  1.28.  Tarsus,  .56. 


18  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

A  female  measured  3.50  in  length.  Culmen,  .68.  Wing,  1.58. 
Tail,  90.  Tarsus,  .52. 

Habitat:     Negros,  Cebu,  Masbate. 

This  pretty  species  can  be  readily  distinguished  from  the  last,  its 
nearest  ally,  by  its  orange  yellow  throat  with  heavier  orange  red 
markings.  The  female  also  differs  from  that  of  Aethopyga  arolasi 
in  having  a  yellow  rump. 

16.  Aethopyga  in  hint  a  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male.  Like  Aethopyga  arolasi,  but  smaller,  and  the  throat 
pure  yellow  without  the  faintest  trace  of  orange  red.  We  regret 
that  we  are  unable  to  furnish  exact  measurements  because  our 
type  specimen,  a  male  in  fine  plumage  disappeared  from  the  col- 
lection in  July,  1894. 

Habitat:     Mindoro: 

This  tiny  species  is  rare  in  Mindoro  and  was  seen  by  us  on  but 
two  occasions. 

17.  Dicaeiim  pallid ior  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male.  Above  exactly  like  D.  dorsale,  which  by  the  way  has 
the  back  slaty  blue,  not  slaty  grey,  as  stated  in  Cat.  B.,  Vol.  x  ,  p. 
40.  Entire  under  surface  yellow,  only  slightly  deeper  on  the  breast, 
and  not  rich  orange  as  in  D.  dorsale.  Habitat:  Cebu. 

Were  it  not  that  we  have  a  large  series  of  birds  from  Cebu  in 
breeding  plumage  we  should  not  think  of  separating  the  Cebu  birds, 
but  with  the  series  of  specimens  now  before  us  we  cannot  do  other- 
wise. The  almost  uniform  yellow  under  surface  of  D.  pallidior, 
contrasts  strongly  with  the  yellow  throat  and  abdomen  and  bright 
orange  breast  of  D.  dorsale.  Young  males  of  D.  dorsale  show 
streaks  of  orange  on  the  breast  long  before  reaching  maturity,  hence 
the  difference  is  not  a  matter  of  age  and,  as  we  have  already  re- 
marked, our  Cebu  birds  were  in  breeding  plumage.  The  female  is 
like  that  of  D.  dorsale. 

Measurements  of  eleven  males:  Length,  3.50  inches.  Culmen,  .55. 
Wing,  1.92.  Tail,  1.03.  Tarsus,  .51. 

Of  four  females:  Length,  3.31.    Wing,  1.88.  Tail,  .98.    Tarsus,  49. 

18.     DicjuMi in  sibuyanica  sp.  nov. 

A  well  marked  species  of  the  D.  dorsale  type  and  the  largest  rep- 
resentative of  this  type  yet  discovered  in  the  Philippine  islands.  A 
very  noticeable  characteristic  is  that  fully  adult  birds  always  have 
the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  whitish  as  do  the  young  of  most 
other  species  of  the  genus. 


NEW   SPECIES   OF   BIRDS.  19 

Adult  male:  Upper  surface  as  in  D.  dorsale  but  the  rump  quite 
heavily  washed  with  olive  green.  Chin,  throat  and  upper  breast 
light  bluish  ashy  grey,  slightly  paler  on  the  chin  and  without  the 
yellow  of  D.  besti.  Two  of  our  specimens,  however,  show  a  faint 
trace  of  yellow  on  the  chin.  Rest  of  under  surface  yellow,  slightly 
deeper  on  breast  as  in  D.  pallidior.  Flanks,  abdomen  and  under  tail 
coverts  much  paler.  Under  wing-coverts,  axillaries  and  inner  webs 
of  quills  white. 

Adult  female:  Upper  surface  as  in  D.  besti.  Chin,  throat  and  up- 
per breast  grey,  washed  with  yellow.  Rest  of  under  surface  pale 
greenish  yellow,  somewhat  brighter  along  center  of  breast  and  ab- 
domen, but  not  nearly  as  bright  as  in  female  of  D.  besti.  Bill  as  in 
male. 

Average  measurements  from  nine  males:  Length,  3.9  inches.  Cul- 
men,  .59.  Wing,  2.08.  Tail,  1.03.  Tarsus,  ..53.  From  two  females: 
Length,  3.81.  Culmen,  .61.  Wing,  1.96.  Tail,  .97.  Tarsus,  .55. 

Habitat:     Sibuyan. 

19.  Dicaeum  intermedia  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Above  as  in  D.  dorsale.  Rump  shows  very  little 
olive  green  wash.  Chin  and  throat  ashy  grey  uniformly  washed 
with  pale  yellow.  Remainder  of  under  surface  as  in  D.  sibuyanica. 
Bill  black. 

Adult  female:  Above  like  female  of  D.  sibuyanica.  Below  dirty 
olive  yellow,  somewhat  brighter  on  the  abdomen.  Bill  paler  than  in 
male. 

Habitat:  Romblon,  Tablas.  It  may  ultimately  prove  that  the 
Tablas  birds  are  distinct,  the  four  specimens  secured  by  us  in  that 
island  having  a  much  heavier  wash  of  yellow  on  the  throat  than  the 
Romblon  birds. 

Five  males  from  Romblon  measure  3. 75  inches  in  length.  Culmen, 
.55.  Wing,  2.08.  Tail,  1.09.  Tarsus,  .52.  Three  females  from  Tab- 
las measure  3.62  inches  in  length.  Culmen,  .55.  Wing,  1.92. 
Tail,  1.02.  Tarsus,  .52. 

20.  Dicaeum  assimilis  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Above  exactly  like  D.  sibutense,  but  chin,  throat  and 
fore  breast  very  much  lighter  than  sides  of  face,  being  clear  ashy 
grey,  as  in  D.  trigonostigma.  As  Dr.  Sharpe  expressly  states  that 
this  is  not  the  case  in  D.  sibutense  but  that  the  latter  species  has 
the  throat  like  the  sides  of  the  face  and  head,  it  is  evident  that  t 
Sulu  and  Tawi  Tawi  (?)  birds  belong  to  a  distinct  species  having  the 
back  of  D.  sibutense  and  the  under  surface  of  D.  trigonosti 


20  BOURNS   AND  WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

Female  like  that  of  D.  sibutense,  but  with  the  throat,  upper  breast 
and  sides  of  face  light  ashy  grey,  uniformly  washed  with  yellow. 
The  plate  in  Ibis  seems  to  show  a  faint  orange  mark  on  the  back  of 
the  female  of  D,  sibutense,  though  no  such  marking  is  described  in 
the  text.  If  this  is  the  case  the  female  of  D.  sibutense  differs  from 
that  of  every  other  Philippine  representative  of  the  genus. 

A  male  from  Sulu  measures  3. 50  inches  in  length.  Culmen,  53. 
Wing,  2.04.  Tail,  .97.  Tarsus,  .53. 

Two  females  from  the  same  locality  measure  3.31  in  length.  Cul- 
men, .50.  Wing,  1.98.  Tail,  .97.  Tarsus.  .48. 

Habitat:  Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi  (?).  Wehave  only  females  fromTawi 
Tawi  and  cannot  be  quite  sure  of  the  identification. 

21.  Prionochilus  aerughiosus  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male  in  poor  plumage.  Upper  surface  light  rusty  brown, 
washed  with  olive  yellow  on  rump,  upper  tail  coverts,  outer  webs 
of  secondaries  and  tail  feathers.  Ear  coverts  and  sides  of  neck 
lighter  than  crown.  Lores,  like  side  of  head,  bordered  above  and 
below  by  narrow,  creamy  white  stripes  reaching  to  eye.  A  creamy 
white  malar  stripe  is  separated  from  these  and  from  the  throat  by 
light  brown  stripes  of  about  the  same  width.  Throat  white.  All 
the  feathers  with  broad  brown  shaft  markings  extending  to  their 
tips  give  the  breast  a  strongly  striped  appearance.  Stripes  be- 
come less  sharply  defined  on  the  flanks  and  disappear  almost  en- 
tirely on  the  abdomen.  Under  tail-coverts  creamy  white  with  dark 
ill-defined  brown  spots.  Under  wing-coverts  and  axillaries  creamy 
white.  Inner  webs  of  quills  ashy  grey,  outer  webs  and  tips  blackish 
brown.  Female  like  the  male  but  with  less  olive  yellow  above. 
Young  like  female  but  lacking  the  distinct  markings  on  the  under 
surface. 

Measurements  from  three  males:  Length,  4.25  inches.  Culmen, 
.45.  Wing,  2.60.  Tail,  1.42.  Tarsus,  .57. 

A  female  measures  4.00  in  length.  Culmen,  .53.  Wing,  2.44.  Tail, 
1.28.  Tarsus,  .53.  Habitat:  Cebu,  Mindanao. 

22.  Prionochilus  bicolor  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Entire  upper  surface  deep  black,  with  faint  metallic 
blue  gloss.  Entire  under  surface,  including  under  wing  coverts,  ax- 
illaries and  inner  webs  of  quills,  white.  Bases  of  feathers  of  breast, 
flanks  and  abdomen  slaty  black.  Bill,  legs  and  feet  black.  Iris 
red.  Length,  3  25  inches.  Wing,  1.98.  Tail,  .96.  Culmen,  .42.  Tar 
sus,  .56.  Habitat:  Mindanao. 

Found  in  the  hills  back  of  Ayala,  near  Zamboanga. 


NEW   SPECIES   OF   BIRDS.  21 

23.  Zosterops  siquijorensis  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Above  light  olive  yellow,  brighest  on  crown  and 
rump.  Wing  coverts  and  broad  margin  on  all  the  quills  except  last 
uniform  with  the  back.  Tail  brown,  central  pair  of  feathers  washed 
on  both  webs,  and  the  others  on  the  outer  webs,  with  olive  yellow. 
Ear  coverts,  sides  of  face  and  sides  of  neck  slightly  lighter  than 
crown  of  head  Ring  around  eye  silky  white.  No  black  stripe 'un- 
der eye  as  in  Z.  everetti.  Lores  and  forehead  bright  yellow.  Chin, 
throat  and  upper  breast  bright  yellow  as  in  Z.  meyeni.  Breast', 
flanks  and  abdomen  clear  ashy  grey,  lighter  than  in  Z.  everetti.  A 
narrow  stripe  of  yellow  down  center  of  breast  and  abdomen.  Under 
tail-coverts  bright  yellow.  Under  wing-coverts,  axillaries  and  in- 
ner webs  of  quills  white.  Bend  of  wing  tinged  with  yellow.  Sexes 
alike.  Iris  brown.  Legs  and  feet  very  light  brown.  Upper  man- 
dible brown.  Lower  yellowish. 

A  male  from  Siquijor  measures  as  follows:  Wing,  2.16.  Tail, 
1.51.  Culmen,  1.55.  Tarsus,  1.57. 

Two  females  measure:  Length  not  taken.  Wing  2.13.  Tail  1.53. 
Culmen,  .56.  Tarsus,  .56.  Habitat:  Siquijor. 

Singularly  enough  the  Siquijor  Zosterops  differs  sharply  from  the 
Zosterops  of  the  neighboring  island,  Cebu,  and  more  nearly  resemb- 
les Z.  meyeni  of  Luzon.  It  differs  from  Z.  meyeni  in  its  larger  size 
and  in  the  different  color  of  the  under  surface. 

24.  H.vloterpe  winchelli  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  General  color  of  upper  surface  umber  brown.  Head 
faintly  but  appreciably  darker.  Outer  webs  of  quills  washed  with 
light  umber.  Rest  of  quills  dark  fulvous  brown.  Tail  like  back,  or 
slightly  darker.  Shafts  of  tail-feathers  become  darker  on  terminal 
half.  Lores,  sides  of  face,  ear-coverts  and  sides  of  hind  neck  slight- 
ly lighter  than  head.  Chin  and  throat  greyish  white.  Sides  of 
breast  and  fore-breast  washed  with  light  umber  brown,  as  are  the 
flanks.  Rest  of  under  surface  white.  Feathers  of  thighs  dark 
brown,  heavily  tipped  with  white.  Under  surface  of  tail  dark  brown. 
Shafts  white  for  entire  length.  Under  wing  coverts  and  axillaries 
and  inner  webs  of  quills  white.  Iris  brown.  Bill  black.  Legs  and 
feet  light  slaty  brown. 

Average  measurements  of  six  males:  Length,  6.50  inches.  Wing, 
3.24  Tail,  2.66.  Tarsus,  .75  Sexes  alike. 

Habitat:  Panay,  Masbate,  Negros. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  Horace  V.Winchell,  through 
whom  interest  ir.  our  proposed  expedition  was  first  awakened. 


22  BOURNS  AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

25.  Hyloterpe  major  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  General  color  exactly  as  in  H.  winchelli  from  which 
it  differs  in  having  the  white  of  the  throat  less  sharply  defined  and 
in  its  much  larger  size. 

Four  males  from  Cebu  measure  7.31  in  length.  Wing,  3.70.  Tail, 
2.97.  Culmen,  .80.  Tarsus,  .88. 

Three  females  from  the  same  locality  measure  7.00  inches  in 
in  length.  Wing,  3.69.  Tail,  2.83.  Culmen,  .79.  Tarsus,  .87. 

Three  males  from  Tablas  measure  in  length  7.00  inches.  Wing, 
3.40.  Tail,  2,79.  Culmen,  .75.  Tarsus,  .89. 

Habitat:     Cebu,  Tablas,  Sibuyan. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  Tablas  birds  are  slightly  smaller  than 
those  from  Cebu.  The  same  holds  true  of  the  Sibuyan  birds.  We 
note  also  that  the  Cebu  birds  have  the  feathers  of  the  thighs  dark 
brown  faintly  tipped  with  white  while  Sibuyan  birds  have  the 
same  feathers  light  brown  heavily  tipped  with  white.  The  under 
tail-coverts  in  the  Cebu  birds  are  usually  not  white  but  are  washed 
with  brown,  in  one  case  heavily;  but  we  note  a  good  deal  of  variation 
in  the  color  of  under  parts  in  birds  from  the  same  locality,  also  that 
the  largest  of  our  Tablas- Sibuyan  birds  are  larger  than  the  smallest 
of  the  Cebu  birds,  hence  do  not  think  they  can  be  specifically  sepa- 
rated. The  distribution  is  curious,  as  H.  winchelli  comes  between; 
but  this  is  only  one  of  several  instances  of  relationship  between 
Cebu  and  the  Tablas -Romblon-Sibuy an  group. 

26.  Hyloterpe  mindorensis  sp.  nov. 

Adult  female.  Above  brown  washed  with  olive  yellow,  faintly  on 
head,  more  heavily  on  back,  the  rump  bright  olive  yellow.  Scapu- 
lars, wing-coverts  and  outer  webs  of  tertiaries  heavily  washed  with 
olive  yellow  changing  to  olive  brown  on  secondaries  and  primaries. 
Tail  olive  yellow  above  and  below,  brighter  on  basal  half.  Shafts 
of  feathers  above  brown,  below  bright  yellow.  Lores  and  sides  of 
face  ashy  brown.  Ear-coverts  with  distinct  light  shaft  stripes. 
Chin,  throat  and  upper  breast  ashy  grey,  changing  to  olive  brown 
on  sides  of  neck,  breast  and  upper  breast.  Lower  breast  and 
abdomen  yellowish  white.  Flanks  grey  washed  with  olive  brown. 
Under  tail  coverts  light  yellow.  Axillaries,  under  wing-coverts 
and  edges  of  inner  webs  of  quills  whitish.  Length,  6.50  inches. 
Culmen,  .70.  Wing,  3.09.  Tail,  2.60.  Tarsus,  .84. 

Habitat:    Mindoro. 


NEW   SPECIES   OP    BIRDS.  23 

27.  Cryptolopha  flavigularis  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male.  Above  bright  olive  green.  Head  like  back.  All 
the  wing  feathers  broadly  edged  with  olive  green.  Tail  olive  green 
above,  the  inner  webs  of  the  outer  three  pairs  of  feathers  narrowly 
edged  with  bright  yellow.  Shafts  dark  brown  above.  A  bright 
yellow  superciliary  line  extending  from  base  of  bill  to  ear.  A  simi- 
lar line  below  eye  and  not  extending  beyond  it.  Lores  olive  brown. 
Sides  of  face  and  ear-coverts  light  olive  yellow  with  lighter  yellow 
shaft  markings.  Chin,  throat  and  upper  breast  white  heavily 
washed  with  light  yellow.  Rest  of  under  surface  whitish  streaked 
with  light  yellow.  Under  tail  coverts  yellow,  shafts  white.  Under 
surface  of  tail  olive  green,  shafts  pure  white.  Axillaries,  under 
wing  coverts,  inner  edge  of  quills,  yellowish  white.  Bend  of  wing 
light  yellow.  Length,  5.00.  Wing.  2  29.  Tail,  1.88.  Culmen,  .63. 
Tarsus,  .72. 

Legs,  feet  and  nails  very  light  brown.  Upper  mandible  dark 
brown,  lower  light  brown. 

Habitat:    Cebu. 

The  specimen  described  is  in  breeding  plumage. 

28.  Geocichla  cinerea  sp.  nov. 

Entire  upper  surface  very  dark  ashy,  nearly  black.  Tail  and  tips 
of  wing  feathers  rusty  brown.  Wing  coverts  brownish  black,  each 
tipped  with  a  large  spot  of  white,  these  spots  forming  two  irregular 
wing  bars.  Lores  whitish.  Spot  under  eye  brownish  black.  Chin 
and  center  of  throat  white.  A  broad  line  of  brownish  black  extends 
from  the  gape  to  the  breast  where  it  joins  a  large  patch  of  black 
formed  by  feathers  the  bases  of  which  are  white.  Rest  of  under 
surface  white,  the  feathers  of  sides  of  breast  and  flanks  with  narrow 
black  tips.  Center  of  lower  breast  and  abdomen  as  well  as  under 
tail  'coverts  unspotted.  A  slight  tawny  wash  on  flanks.  Axillaries 
white  tipped  with  ashy  grey.  Under  wing  coverts  ashy  grey 
tipped  with  white.  A  prominent  spot  of  white  on  inner  web  of  each 
secondary,  the  spots  together  forming  a  patch.  Bend  of  wing 
white.  Wing,  4.40.  Tail,  2.86.  Culmen,  .91.  Tarsus,  .98. 

Habitat:     Mindoro. 

29.  Cittocincla  superciliaris  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Entire  upper  surface,  sides  of  head,  chin,  throat 
and  fore- breast  glossy  black.  A  broad  superciliary  stripe  of  pure 
white  begins  in  front  of  eye,  tapering  to  a  point  on  the  hind-neck 
where  it  approaches,  but  does  not  meet,  the  stripe  of  other  side. 


24  BOURNS   AND    WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

Central  pair  of  tail-feathers  shows  faint  traces  of  bars  by  reflected 
light.  Under  surface  pure  white.  Bend  of  wing  white.  Outer 
tail  feathers,  which  are  but  half  grown,  tipped  with  white.  Iris 
very  dark  brown.  Legs  and  feet  almost  white.  Bill  coal  black. 

A  young  male,  nearly  adult,  has  a  few  white  feathers  on  chin  and 
throat  and  a  faint  wash  of  light  buff  on  the  flanks.  A  much 
younger  bird  has  many  of  the  feathers  of  the  back  tipped  with 
rusty  brown  and  the  greater  wing  coverts  and  quills  washed  with 
the  same  color.  Chin  and  throat  almost  pure  white.  An  ill  denned 
black  collar.  The  entire  under  surface  washed  with  light  buff, 
deeper  on  the  flanks. 

Adult  male:  Length,  6.87.  Wing,  3.10.  Tail,  2  80.  Culmen,  .76. 
Tarsus,  .86. 

Habitat:     Masbate. 

This  well  marked  species  is  extremely  rare  in  Masbate.  It  feeds 
in  dense  thickets  in  the  deep  woods  and  we  never  heard  it  utter  a 
note.  The  Luzon  bird,  C.  luzoniensis,  has  a  superciliary  stripe  but 
this  stripe  is  not  nearly  so  broad  as  in  this  species  and  as  the 
strongly  marked  superciliary  line  is  one  of  the  most  noticeable 
characters  of  the  Masbate  bird  we  have  named  it  accordingly. 


30.     Ptilocichla  minuta  sp.  nov. 

Sexes  alike.  Feathers  of  the  head  and  nape  black,  with  heavy 
rufous  brown  shaft  lines.  Feathers  of  back  and  upper  wing  coverts 
bright  reddish  brown,  with  conspicuous  nearly  white  shaft  mark- 
ings for  their  entire  length.  Tips  of  feathers  black.  The  elon- 
gated feathers  of  back  which  reach  to  tail-coverts  with  white  shafts 
and  white  shaft  markings  broad  at  base  and  narrowing  at  tip,  edges 
and  extreme  tips  of  feathers  being  dark  rich  fulvous  brown.  Upper 
tail  coverts  rufous  brown.  Tail  feathers  fulvous  brown  edged  with 
rufous  brown.  Wing  feathers  rufous  brown.  Lores  white.  A  su- 
perciliary line  of  white  extending  as  far  as  hind  neck.  Ear-coverts 
fulvous  with  light  shaft  stripes,  the  latter  becoming  rufous  on 
hind- neck.  A  malar  stripe  of  black.  Chin  and  throat  pure  white. 
Feathers  of  breast  and  abdomen  have  very  broad  white  shaft 
stripes,  giving  a  streaked  appearance  to  the  under  surface.  Feathers 
of  flanks  much  elongated,  light  fulvous  brown  with  distinct  white 
shaft  stripes,  broadest  at  base.  Under  tail-coverts  colored  like 
flanks.  Under  surface  of  wing  fulvous  brown,  brighter  on  coverts. 
Readily  distinguished  from  P.  basilanica  by  having  all  the  feath- 
ers of  back,  head,  rump  and  upper  wing-coverts  with  prominent 
shaft  lines,  by  the  darker  color  of  the  long  feathers  of  the  back  and 


NEW    SPECIES   OF   BIRDS.  25 

its  much  smaller  size.      Sexes  alike.      Exceedingly  rare.      Length 
5.37.     Wing,  2.71.     Tail,  1.64     Culmen,  7.41.    Tarsus,  .96 
Habitat:     Samar. 

31:    lole  cinereiceps  sp.  nov. 

Sexes  alike.  Pointed  feathers  of  head  olive  brown  at  base,  strongly 
washed  with  ashy  grey,  and  with  nearly  black  shaft  stripes,  giving 
the  whole  upper  surface  of  the  head  a  nearly  uniform  grey  color. 
Sides  of  face  ear  coverts,  hind  neck,  back,  rump  and  upper  wing- 
coverts  olive  brown.  Upper  t  dl-coverts  and  tail  blackish  brown, 
edges  of  feathers  washed  with  olive  brown.  Chin  and  throat  yel- 
lowish white,  the  feathers  with  very  distinct  pure  white  shaft  mark- 
ings. Fore-breast  and  sides  of  breast  light  olive  brown,  the  feathers 
with  distinct  white  shaft  markings.  Flanks  light  olive  brown  with 
faint  white  shaft  markings.  Center  of  breast,  abdomen,  and  under 
tail  coverts  uniform  yellowish  white.  Under  surface  of  tail  ashy 
white,  shafts  pure  white.  Under  wing  coverts  and  axillaries  yel- 
lowish white,  darker  than  abdomen.  Under  surface  of  quills  like 
under  surface  of  tail, 

Averasre  of  nineteen  males:  Length.  11.33  inches.  Wing,  5.15. 
Tail,  4.53.  Tarsus,  .88.  Culmen,  1  39.  Of  four  females :  Length, 
10.78.  Wing,  4.80.  Tail,  4.29,  Culmen,  1.39.  Tarsus,  .86. 

Iris  dark  brown.  Legs,  feet  and  nails  dark  brown.  Bill  dark 
brown  in  some  specimens,  black  in  others. 

Habitat:    Tablas,  Romblon. 

This  fine  lole  is  the  largest  Philippine  representative  of  the  genus. 
Its  nearest  allies  are  lole  siquijorensis  and  lole  monticola.  It  is  a 
woods  bird  very  rarely  met  with  in  the  open. 

32.     lole  monticola  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male.  Crown  and  nape  blackish  brown,  feathers  of  fore- 
crown  and  forehead  washed  with  ashy  grey.  Upper  surface  of  body 
rusty  brown.  Feathers  of  back  and  scapulars  with  distinct  lighter 
shaft  markings.  Outer  quills  of  wing  washed  with  rusty  brown. 
Rest  of  wing  light  fulvous  brown.  Feathers  of  lower  back,  rump 
and  upper  tail-coverts  distinctly  washed  with  olive  green.  Feathers 
of  tail  like  wing  but  faintly  edged  with  olive  green  on  outer  webs. 
Shafts  light  brown.  Lores  whitish.  Ear  coverts  rufous  brown 
with  distinct  lighter  shaft  markings.  Sides  of  face  somewhat 
lighter  but  also  with  distinct  shaft  markings.  Chin  and  throat 
tawny  white,  the  feathers  with  light  shaft  markings.  Fore-breast 
and  sides  of  breast  rusty  brown  fading  into  tawny  white  on  breast, 
all  the  feathers  with  well  defined  white  shaft  markings.  Abdomen 


26  BOURNS  AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

creamy  white.  Flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  light  fulvous  brown. 
Under  surface  of  tail  greyish  white,  shafts  pure  white.  Axillaries 
and  under  wing-coverts  yellowish  white.  Under  surface  of  wing 
like  that  of  tail.  Darker  at  tip  of  feathers.  Iris,  legs,  feet  and 
nails  dark  brown.  Bill  nearly  black.  Four  males  average  8.62 
inches  in  length.  Wing,  3.94.  Tail,  3.53.  Culmen,  .98.  Tarsus,  .72. 

Four  females  measure  8.09  inches  in  length.  Wing,  3.69.  Tail, 
3.29.  Culmen,  .98.  Tarsus,  .70.  Habitat:  Cebu. 

lole  monticola  differs  from  lole  siquijorensis  its  nearest  ally  in 
its  more  ruddy  upper  surface,  its  lighter  head  with  a  wash  of  ashy 
grey  on  front  of  crown,  in  its  lighter  ear-coverts  and  tawny  throat 
and  in  its  lighter  under  wing  and  tail  coverts. 

So  far  as  our  observation  goes  it  is  a  highland  form.  It  was  in- 
variably met  with  by  us  in  the  forest  on  the  tops  and  sides  of  the 
hills  in  central  Cebu  and  was  never  seen  in  open  or  flat  country. 

33.     Muscicapula  samarensis  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Top  of  head,  sides  of  face,  ear- coverts  and  hind 
neck  nearly  black.  Back,  rump  and  upper  wing- coverts  uniform 
dark  slaty  blue.  Quills  and  tail  fulvous  brown  slightly  washed 
with  slaty  blue.  Chin  and  throat  white.  Entire  breast  bluish  grey, 
lightest  on  center  of  breast.  Abdomen  white.  Flanks  washed  with 
bluish  grey.  Under  wing-coverts  light  buff  nearly  white  at  base. 
Sides  dark  slate  color  as  are  under  wing-coverts  and  axillaries  the 
latter,  however,  mottled  with  white.  A  superciliary  stripe  of 
white  beginning  over  eye  and  extending  to  nape,  then  inward,  nearly 
reaches  the  median  line.  Sexes  alike.  Iris  very  dark  brown.  Bill 
black.  Legs,  feet  and  nails  very  light  brown.  Measurements  from 
four  males:  Length,  4.67.  Wing,  2.41.  Tail,  1.49.  Culmen,  .59. 
Tarsus,  .79. 

The  specimens  described  are  in  breeding  plumage.  They  were 
shot  close  to,  or  on  the  ground  in  dense  thickets  in  the  deep  woods. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  M.  mindanensis  Bias  from  which 
it  differs  in  its  darker  head,  lighter  tail,  and  much  larger  supercili- 
ary stripe.  None  of  our  specimens  show  a  white  bar  on  the  rump 
but  we  find  the  Mindanao  Basilan  birds  variable  in  this  respect. 

Habitat:     Samar. 

84.     Rliipidura  sauli  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  Head,  crown  and  nape  dull  bluish  grey,  each  of  the 
feathers  of  crown  with  a  narrow  decidedly  lighter  shaft  mark,  lack- 
ing in  feathers  of  nape  and  mantle.  Back,  rump,  upper  tail-coverts, 
scapulars  and  upper  wing-coverts  chestnut.  Wing  black.  Ter- 


NEW    SPECIES   OF   lilRDS.  l'7 

tiaries  and  secondaries  heavily  edged  with  chestnut.  Primaries 
lightly  edged  with  same  color.  Central  pair  of  tail-feathers  black, 
faintly  edged  with  chestnut  on  basal  half  and  with  shafts  black! 
Next  pair  have  inner  webs  black,  outer  webs  chestnut,  shafts  black 
on  inner  side,  chestnut  on  outer.  Rest  of  feathers  of  tail  including 
shafts  chestnut  above  and  below.  Sides  of  face,  ear-coverts,  chin. 
throat  and  upper  breast  bluish  grey  like  the  mantle.  Feathers  of 
breast  with  distinct  lighter  shaft  markings.  Feathers  of  lower  breast 
gradually  changing  to  the  chestnut  of  abdomen.  Flanks,  under 
tail-coverts  and  thighs  chestnut.  Axillaries  and  under  wing-cov- 
erts bluish  grey  at  base,  heavily  tipped  with  chestnut.  Inner  webs 
of  quills  tipped  with  chestnut.  Female  like  male  but  paler.  Iris 
dark  brown.  Legs  and  feet  vary  from  light  to  very  dark  slaty 
brown.  Nails  blackish.  Bill  black,  except  base  of  lower  mandible 
which  is  grey.  Twelve  males  average  7.25  inches  in  length.  Wing, 
3.30.  Tail,  3.59.  Culmen,  .65.  Tarsus,  .71.  Three  females:  Length, 
6.87.  Wing,  3.00.  Tail,  3.27.  Culmen,  .64.  Tarsus,  .74. 

Habitat:     Tablas. 

Another  ornithological  puzzle  of  the  Tablas-Romblon-Sibuyan 
group.  It  seems  to  be  confined  to  Tablas  where  it  is  common  in 
deep  forests.  It  differs  from  R.  cyaniceps,  its  nearest  ally,  in  its 
larger  size  and  darker  blue  head  and  in  having  the  ochraceous  buff 
of  under  parts  replaced  by  deep  chestnut.  We  have  named  this 
species  in  honor  of  our  friend  Geo.  M.  Saul  Esq.,  of  Ilo  Ilo,  to 
whom  we  are  greatly  indebted  for  much  kindness  and  courtesy  shown 
to  us  during  both  of  our  visits  to  the  Philippine  islands. 

35.     Kliinomyias  albigularis  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  General  color  above  ochraceous  brown,  duller  on 
head,  much  brighter  on  rump,  becoming  chestnut  on  the  tips  of  up- 
per tail  coverts.  Upper  wing  coverts  like  back.  Quills  nearly  black 
washed  with  rusty  brown  on  outer  webs,  this  wash  changing  to 
whitish  on  the  primaries.  Upper  surface  of  tail  dull  chestnut,  the 
feathers  becoming  almost  black  at  tips.  Lores  grey.  Ear- coverts 
and  sides  of  hind -neck  like  crown.  A  ring  of  feathers  around  eye 
slightly  lighter.  Chin  and  entire  throat  white.  Entire  breast  light 
olive  brown.  Flanks  washed  with  same  color.  Abdomen  pure 
white.  Under  tail-coverts  white,  light  brown  at  tips.  Under  wing- 
coverts,  axillaries  and  inner  webs  of  quills  buffy  white.  Bend  of 

wing  olive  brown.  Length  in  skin inches.  Culmen,  .71.  Wing, 

3.47.  Tail,  2.68.  Tarsus,  .75. 

Habitat:     Negros,  Guimaras. 

The  white  throat  contrasts  strongly  with  the  brown  of  neck  and 
breast  and  at  once  distinguishes  this  species  from  all  other  Philip- 


28  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY    NOTES, 

pine  representatives  of  the  genus.     R.  albigulari  s  is  a  deep  woods 
form  and  is  extremely  rare  in  the  localities  visited  by  us. 

36.     Rliynomyias  occularis  sp.  nov. 

Adult  male:  General  color  above  uniform  olive  brown,  slightly 
brighter  on  the  rump.  Tail  dark  chestnut,  much  brighter  on  outer 
webs  of  feathers  which  are  very  dull  at  tips.  Wing- coverts  like 
back.  Quills  brownish  black  washed  with  rusty  brown,  this  be- 
coming whitish  on  first  two  or  three  primaries.  Lores  buffy  white. 
A  ring  of  short  feathers  around  eye  chestnut.  Ear  coverts  and 
sides  of  hind-neck  fulvous  brown,  the  former  with  lighter  shaft 
stripes.  Center  of  throat  and  fore-breast  white,  greyish  along  sides. 
Breast  and  flanks  washed  with  light  fulvous  brown.  Abdomen  and 
under  tail-coverts  white,  the  latter  faintly  tipped  with  brown. 
Thighs  olive  brown.  Under  wing  coverts  and  axillaries  whitish. 
Inner  webs  of  secondaries  edged  with  buffy  white.  Sexes  alike. 
The  peculiar  ring  of  feathers  around  the  eye  forms  a  noticeable  char- 
acter by  which  this  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  other  Phil- 
ippine representatives  of  the  genus.  Iris  brown.  Bill  light  slaty 
brown.  Feet  slaty  brown,  nails  darker.  Sexes  alike.  Measure- 
ments from  five  males:  Length,  597  inches.  Wing,  2.97.  Tail, 
2.60.  Culmen,  .69.  Tarsus,  .72.  From  four  females :  Length,  6  08. 
Wing,  3.09.  Tail,  2.60.  Culmen,  .72.  Tarsus,  .73. 

Habitat:     Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi. 

Food  usually  insects  but  two  specimens  had  been  eating  fruit 
when  shot. 


Feeling  an  especial  interest  in  the  Zoo- geographical  problems 
suggested  by  the  previously  ascertained  facts  in  regard  to  the  dis- 
tribution within  the  group  of  the  resident  land  birds  we  worked  out 
as  carefully  as  possible  the  distribution  of  all  the  species  of  birds 
and  mammals  met  with.  Following  is  a  list  of  the  species  for  which 
new  localities  were  determined.  As  has  already  been  stated,  Mr.  A. 
Everett  visited  Tawi  Tawi  some  months  after  our  departure  from  that 
island.  Species  found  thereby  him  as  well  as  ourselves  are  marked 
with  a  star  placed  after  the  name  of  the  island.  We  found  Dr.  Platen 
in  Mindoro  on  our  arrival  there  and  it  would  seem  that  the  large  col- 
lections made  by  him  in  this  interesting  island  must  long  since  have 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   KNOWN.  09 

been  described,  but  we  have  been  unable  to  ascertain  where  and 
must  therefore  apologize  in  advance  if  we  seem  to  claim  credit  for 
any  of  his  discoveries.  Any  corrections  as  regards  the  matter  of 
priority  will  be  gladly  received  and  incorporated,  with  due  acknow- 
ledgment, in  our  later  and  more  complete  paper. 


III. 

NEW    LOCALITIES    FOR    SPECIES    PREVIOUSLY    KNOWN 
FROM  THE  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 

1.  Megapodius  cumingi   Dillwyn;  Grant,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxii, 
p  449.  (1893).    TawiTawi,  Sulu,  Samar.  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

2.  Excalfactoria  lineata  (Scop.);  Grant,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxii, 
p.  253  (1893).     Panay,  Cebu,  Masbate,  Calamianes. 

3.  Gallus  gallus  (Linn.);  Grant,  Cat.  B,  Brit.  Mus.  xxii,  p.  344. 
(1893).     Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Mas- 
bate,  Negros. 

4.  Turnix  fasciata  (Temm.);  Grant,  Cat.  B.   Brit.   Mus.  xxii,  p. 
535  (1893).     Masbate,  Panay,  Sibuyan,  Calamianes. 

5.  Osmotreron  vernans  (Linn.);  Salvad.,  Cat.  B,  Brit.  Mus  xxi, 
p.  60.     (1893).     Negros,  Masbate,  Calamianes. 

6.  Osmotreron  axillaris  (G.  R  Gr.);  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
xxi,  p.  48,  pi.  iv.     (1893).     Tawi  Tawi,  Siquijor. 

7.  Phabotreron  nigrorum  Sharpe;  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.    Brit.  Mus., 
xxi,  p.  68.     (1893).     Masbate,  Tablas,  Sibuyan. 

8.  Phabotreron  brevirostris  Tweed. ;  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
xxi,  p.  89.     (1893).     Siquijor. 

9.  Ptilopu=s  occipitalis  (G.  R.  Gr.);  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
xvi,  p.  72.     (1893).     Samar,  Mindoro. 

10.  Ptilopus  leclancheri  (Bp.);  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.   Mus.,   xxi, 
p.  80.     (1893).     Tablas,  Calamianes. 

11.  Ptilopus  bangueyensis  Meyer;    Salvad.,  Cat.   B.   Brit.  Mus. 
xxi.  p.  143  (1893).     Tawi  Tawi.* 

12.  Carpophaga  aenea  (Linn.);  Salvadori,  Cat  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxi. 
p.  190  (1893).      Samar,  Tawi  Tawi,    Calamianes,  Tablas,    Sibuyan, 
Panay,  Siquijor. 


30  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

13.  Carpophaga  poliocephala    G.   R.  Gr. ;    Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  vol 
xxi.  p.  208  (1893).     Panay.  Cebu,  Samar. 

14.  Myristicivora  bicolor  (Scop.);  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxi.  p.  227 
(1893).    Mindoro,  Masbate,  Tawi  Tawi. 

15.  Macropygia  tenuirostris  G.  R.  Gr.;    Salvad.,   Cat.  B.   Brit. 
Mus.  p.  346  (1893).    Masbate,  Mindoro,  Tawi  Tawi. 

16.  Turtur  dussumieri  (Temm.);  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxi. 
p.  423  (1893).     Basilan,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romblon, 
Sibuyan. 

17.  Chalcophaps  indica  (Linn.)  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxi.  p. 
514  (1893).     Samar,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Mindoro,  Siquijor,  Ta- 
blas, Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

18.  Phlogoenas  crinigera  (Rchnb.);    Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xxi.  p.  587  (1893).     Samar. 

19.  Caloenas  nicobarica  (Linn.);  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxi. 
p.  615  (1893).     Tawi  Tawi,  Sulu,  Negros. 

227  (1875).     Siquijor. 

20.  Hypotaenidia  striata    (Linn.);   Sharpe,  Cat.   B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xxiii.  p.  33  (1894).     Siquijor,  Calamianes. 

21.  Hypotaenidia  torquata  (Linn.);    Sharpe,   Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xiii.  p.  43  (1894).     Mindoro,  Romblon,  Siquijor,  Masbate. 

22.  Rallina  euryzonoides  (Lafresn.);   Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xxiii.  p.  78,  pi.  viii.  fig.  1.     Luzon,  Panay,  Mindoro. 

23.  Poliolimnas  cinereus  (Vieill. ) ;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxiii. 
p.  130(1894).     Luzon,  Basilan,  Mindoro,  Panay,  Negros. 

24.  Amaurornis  olivacea  (Meyen) ;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxiii 
p.  153  (1894).     Panay,  Samar,  Cebu. 

25.  Amaurornis  phoenicura  (Forst.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xxiii.  p.  156  (1894).  Tawi  Tawi,  Basilan,  Siquijor,   Mindoro,   Cala- 
mianes. 

26.  Gallinula  chloropus   (Linn.);    Sharpe,    Cat.    B.    Brit.   Mus. 
xxiii.  p.  169  (1894).     Guimaras,  Panay,  Mindoro. 

27.  Gallicrex  cinerea  (Gm.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxiii.  p. 
183  (1894).     Mindoro,  Panay,  Masbate,  Cebu,  Mindanao. 

28.  Porphyrio  pulverulentus  (Demm.);    Sharpe,    Cat.   B.   Brit. 
Mus.  xxiii.  p.  507  (1894).  Mindoro. 

29.  Hydrochelidon  hybrida  (Pall.)     Tweed.,  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  551 
Luzon,  Samar,  Mindanao.     Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas, 
Romblon, Sibuyan, Panay, Guimaras, Negros,  Masbate,  Cebn,  Siquijor. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   KNOWN.  31 

30.  Sterna  bergii   Licht.;  Tweed.,  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  551.     Luzon 
Samar,   Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan' 
Panay,  Guimaras,  Negros,  Masbate,  Cebu,  Siquijor. 

31.  Sterna  sinensis  Gm.;  Whiteh.,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  60.     Miadoro. 

32.  Sterna  leucoptera  Meisn.  &  Schweiz.;  Vog.,  Schweiz  p   °G4 
(1815).     Mindanao. 

33.  Charadrius  fulvus  Gm.;  Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  ix.  p.  220 
(1875).     Calamianes,  Sibuyan,  Masbate. 

34.  Aegialitis  geoffroyi  (Wagl);  Wald.,  Trans.   Zool.  Soc  ix  p 

227  (1875). 

35.  Aegialitis  dubia  (Scop.);  Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  ix.  p.  227 
(1875).     Negros. 

36.  Aegialitis  mongolica  (Pall.);    Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  ix. 
p.  227(1875).     Negros. 

37.  Strepsiias  interpres  (Linn.);  Tweed.,  P.  Z  S.  1878,  p.  711. 
Siquijor,  Masbate. 

38.  Gallinago  megala  Swinh  ;  Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.   ix,  p. 
235  (1875).     Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Sibuyan,  Panay,  Masbate,  Ne- 
gros, Siquijor. 

39.  Rhynchaea  capensis  (Linn.);  Walden,  Trans.   Zool.  Soc.  ix. 
p.  235  (1875).    Panay,  Siquijor. 

40.  Tringa  crassirostris  T.  &  S.     Negros. 

41.  Tringa  ruficollis  Pallas.      Whiteh.,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  59.  Negros, 
Ceba. 

42.  Tringa  subarquata  Guldenst.     Negros. 

43.  Tringoides  hypoleucus  (Linn.);  Tweed.,  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p  703. 
Samar,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Masbate. 

44.  Totanus  calidris  (Linu.);  Walden,   Trans.  Zool.  Soc.,  ix,  p. 
234  (1875).     Cebu. 

45.  Totanus  glareola  (Linn. ) ;  Blasius,  Ornis,     1888,  p.  320.     Cal- 
amianes, Siquijor,  Cebu. 

46.  Terekia  cinerea  (Giild.);  Tweed.,    P.    Z.   S.     1878,   p.   711. 
Masbate. 

47.  Ardea  purpurea  (Linn.);  Wald  ,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.,  ix.  p.  338 
(1875).     Calamianes,  Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Mindoro,  Palawan. 

48.  Herodias  garzetta  (Linn.);  Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.,  ix.  p. 
237  (1875).     Panay,  Siquijor. 


BIO-AGRICULTURAL  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
RIVERSIDE,  CALIFORNIA  9250; 


32  BOURNS  AND  WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

49.  Herodias  intermedia  (Wagl.);  Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  ix, 
p.  237  (1875).     Mindoro. 

50.  Demiegretta  sacra   (Gm  );  Tweed.,   P.  Z.  S.     1877,   p.    551, 
Sharpe,  Ibis,  1894,  p.  244.     Siquijor,  Masbate,  Panay,  Mindoro. 

51.  Bubulcus  coromandus  (Bodd  );  Walden,  Trans,  Zool.  Soc.  ix, 
p.  237  (1875).     Tablas,  Masbate. 

52.  Butorides  javanica  (Horsf.);  Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  ix,  p. 
237   (1875).      Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,    Mindoro,   Tablas,  Sibuyan, 
Masbate,  Siquijor. 

53.  Ardetta  flavicollis  (Lath.);  Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc,  ix,  p. 

236  (1875).     Cebu. 

54.  Ardetta  cinnatnomea  (Gm.) ;  Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  ix,  p. 

237  (1875).     Cebu,  Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas. 

55.  Ardetta  sinensis  (Gm. );  Walden,  Trans,  Zool.  Soc.  ix.  p.  237 
(1875).     Mindoro,  Panay,  Tablas. 

56.  Gorsachius  melanolophus  (Raffl.) ;   Walden  Trans.  Zool.  Soc. 
ix.  p.  238  (1875).     Masbate,  Cebu,  Siquijor. 

57.  Nycticorax  manillensis  Vig. ;  Walden,   Trans.   Zool.  Soc.  ix. 
p.  238(1875).     Samar,  Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,   Sibuyan,   Panay,   Mas- 
bate,  Siquijor. 

58.  Melanopelargus  episcopus  (Bodd.);  Tweed.,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p. 
953.     Masbate,  Panay,  Mindoro. 

59.  Anas    luzonica  Fraser;  Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  ix.  p.  242 
(1875).     Panay,  Masbate. 

60.  Dendrocygna  vagans  Eyton;  Walden,  Trans.   Zool.  Soc.  ix. 
p.  242  (1875).     Mindoro,  Panay,  Masbate. 

61.  Fregata  minor  (Gm.);  Whiteh.,    Ibis,    1890,  p.   61.     Negros 
Mindanao. 

62.  Circus  philippinensis  Steere;  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p. 
7(1890).     Negros. 

63.  Astur  trivirgatus  (Temm.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  i.  p. 
105  (1874).     Samar. 

64.  Accipiter  virgatus  (Temm.j;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  1.  p. 
150  (1874).     Mindanao,  Siquijor. 

65.  Accipiter  manillensis  Meyen;  Wardlaw  Ramsay,  Ibis,  1884, 
p.  330.     Guimaras. 

66.  Spizaetus  limnaetus  (Horsf.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  i.  p. 
272  (1874).    Calamianes. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   KNOWN.  33 

67.  Spizaetus  philippensis  Gurney;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  i. 
p.  261  (1874).     Siquijor. 

68.  Spilornis  holospilus  (Vig.);  Sharpe,   Cat.  B.   Brit.  Mus.  i.  p. 
293  (1874).     Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi.  Masbate,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

69.  Spilornis  bacha  (Baud.);  Whiteh.,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  42.     Calami- 
anes. 

70.  Butastur  indicus  (Gm.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  vol.  i.  p. 
297  (1874).    Calamianes,  Tawi  Tawi,  Sulu,  Masbate,  Samar. 

71.  Haliaetus  leucogaster  (Gm.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  i.  p. 
307  (1874).      Tawi  Tawi,  Sulu,  Basilan,  Luzon,  Mindoro,  Calamia- 
nes, Masbate,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Siquijor. 

72.  Haliastur  intermedius  Gurney;   Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  i. 
p.  314  (1874).     Basilan,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Mindoro,  Tablas, 
Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Masbate. 

73.  Elanus  hypoleucus  Gould;    Sharpe,  Cat.   B.  Brit.  Mus.  i.  p. 
338  (1874).     Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes. 

74.  Pernis  ptilonorhynchus  (Temm.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
i.  p.  347  (1874).     Cebu,  Sibuyan. 

75.  Baza  leucopais  Sharpe;    Whiteh.,   Ibis,    1890,  p.   43,  pi.  ii. 
Samar,  Romblon. 

76.  Microhierax  erythrogenys  (Vig.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
i.  p.  469  (1874).     Samar,  Mindoro. 

77.  Falco  severus  Horsf. ;    Sharpe,   Cat.  B.  Brit.   Mus.  i.  p.  397 
(1874).     Cebu,  Siquijor,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

78.  Polioaetus  icthyaetus  (Horsf.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
i.  p.  452  (1874).     Mindoro,  Basilan,  Calamianes. 

79.  Ninox  lugubris  (Tick.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ii.  p.  154 
(1875).     Masbate,  Sulu. 

80.  Ninox  japonica  (P.  &  S. );  Sharpe,  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  325.  Cebu. 

81.  Ninox  philippensis  Bp.;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ii.  p.  167 
(1875).     Masbate. 

82.  Strix  Candida  Tick. ;    Sharpe,  Cat.   B.  Brit.  Mus.  ii.  p.  308 
(1875).     Calamianes. 

83.  Eurystomus  orientalis  (Linn.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xvii.  p.  33,  pi.   ii.  fig.  i.  (1892).     Tawi  Tawi,  Calaimanes,  Tablas, 
Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

84.  Pelargopsis  gouldi  Sharpe;    Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p.  100 
(1892).     Calamianes. 


34  BOURNS   AND  WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY    NOTES. 

85.  Pelargopsis  gigantea  Walden;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.   Mus- 
xvii.  p.  100  (1892).    Tawi  Tawi,  Cebu,  Negros,  Tablas,  Sibuyan. 

86.  Alcedo  ispida  Linn. ;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p.  141 
(1892).     Tawi    Tawi,    Cebu,   Negros,   Tablas,    Romblon,    Sibuyan, 
Panay. 

87.  Alcedo  meninting  Horsf.;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p. 
157  (1892).     Calamianes,  Tawi  Tawi.* 

88.  Ceyx  euerythra  Sharpe;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii,  p. 
179  (1892).     Calamianes,  Mindoro,  Tawi  Tawi.* 

89.  Ceyx  bournsi  Steere;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii  p.  184 
(1892).      Tawi  Tawi*,   Siquijor,   Cebu,   Negros,    Tablas,    Romblon, 
Sibuyan. 

90.  Ceyx  argentata  Tweed. ;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p. 
187  (1892).     Basilan. 

91.  Halcyon  coromandus  (Lath.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii. 
p.  217  (1892;.    Tawi  Tawi,  Masbate,  Sibuyan. 

92.  Halcyon  gularis  (Kuhl.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p. 
227  (1892).     Basilan,  Siquijor,  Tablas. 

93.  Halcyon  winchelli  Sharpe;    Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxii.  p.  255 
(1892).  Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi*,  Siquijor,  Cebu,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

94.  Halcyon  pileatus  (Bodd.);  Sharpe  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p. 
229  (1892).     Tawi  Tawi. 

95.  Halcyon  chloris  (Bodd. ) ;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.   Mus.  xvii.  p. 
273,  pi.  vii,  fig.  iii.  (1892).    Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Sibuyan, 
Masbate,  Siquijor. 

96.  Anthracoceros  montani  (Oust.);   Grant,  Cat.   B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xvii.  p.  370  (1892).     Tawi  Tawi. 

97.  Gymnolaemus  marchei   (Oust.);   Grant,  Cat.    B.    Brit.    Mus 
xvii.  p.  270  (1892).     Calamianes. 

98.  Merops  bicolor  Bodd.;  Sharpe.  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p.  80. 
(1882)      Sainar,  Panay,  Masbate,  Tablas,  Calamianes. 

99.  Merops  philippinus  (Linn.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii. 
p.  71  (1892).     Samar,  Tawi  Tawi,  Sulu,  Masbate. 

100.  Caprimulgus  macrurus  Horsf. ;    Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xvi.  p.  537  (1892).     Sibuyan. 

101.  Caprimulgus  griseatus  Gray;    Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit.   Mus. 
xvi.  p.  550,  pi.  xi.     (1892).     Sibuyan. 


SPECIES  PREVIOUSLY   KNOWN.  35 

102.  Lyncornis  macrotis  (Vig.);  Hartert,  Cat.*B.  Brit.  Mus  xvi 
p.  605  (1892).     Mindoro. 

103.  Lyncornis  mindanensis  Tweed  ;   Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xvi.  p.  605,  pi.  xiii.     (1892).     Basilan. 

104.  Chaetura  gigantea  (Temm.);  Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvi. 
p.  475  (1892).     Mindoro. 

105.  Collocalia  fuciphaga  (Thunb.);  Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus 
xvi.  p.  498  (1892).     Luzon. 

106.  Collocalia  francica  (Gm.);  Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvi. 
p.  503  (1892).     Calamianes,  Panay. 

107.  Collocalia  troglodytes  Gray;    Hartert,    Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xvi.  p.  807  (1892).     Samar,  Mindoro,  Cebu,  Siquijor,  Masbate,  Si- 
buyan,  Romblon. 

108.  Collocalia  marginata  Salvad.;    Hartert,  Cat.  B  Brit.  Mus. 
xvi.  p.  508  (1892).     Masbate. 

109.  Macropteryx  comata  (Temm.);  Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xvi.  p.  517  (1892).    Sarnar,  Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Masbate. 

110.  Coccystes  coromandus.  (Linn.);    Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xix.  p.  214  (1891).     Siquijor,  Palawan. 

111.  Surniculus  velutinus  Sharpe;    Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit.   Mus. 
xix.  p.  230  (1891).     Tawi  Tawi*,  Sulu,  Samar. 

112.  Hierococcyx  spaverioides  (Vig.);  Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xix.  p.  236  (1891).    Calamianes. 

113.  Hierococcyx  fugax  (Horsf.);  Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xix. 
p.  236  (1891).     Cebu,  Basilan,  Sulu. 

114.  Cuculus  canorus  (Linn.);  Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xix. p. 
245  (1891).     Siquijor. 

115.  Cacomantis  merulinus  (Scop,);  Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xix.  p.  268  (1891).     Tawi  Tawi*,  Calamianes,  Tablas. 

116.  Chalcococcyx  xanthorhynchus   (Horsf.);  Shelley,    Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.  xix.  p.  289  (1891).     Cebu. 

117.  Eudynamis  mindanensis  (Linn.);  Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xix.  p.  231  (1891).     Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Panay, 
Cebu,  Siquijor,  Masbate. 

118.  Centropus  viridis  (Scop.);  Shelley,   Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xix. 
p.  349  (1891).     Siquijor,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

119.  Centropus  javanicus  (Dumout);  Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit,  Mus. 
xix.  p.  354  (1891).    Tawi  Tawi,  Mindanao,  Siquijor,  Cebu. 


36  BOURNS  AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

120.  Dryococcyx  harringtoni  Sharpe;   Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xix.  p.  400  (1891).     Calamianes. 

121.  Cacatua  haematuropygia  (P.  L.  S.  Mull.);  Salvad .,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.  xx.  p.  130  (1891).    Calamianes,  Panay,  Tablas,  Siquijor, 
Tawi  Tawi. 

122.  Prioniturus  discurus  (Vieill. );  Salvad.,  Cat.   B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xx.  p.  417  (1891).     Tablas,  Sibuyan. 

123.  Prioniturus  cyaniceps  Sharpe;    Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xx.  p.  419  (1891).    Calamianes. 

124.  Prioniturus  verticalis  Sharpe;   Ibis,  1894,  p.  248,  pi.  vi.  figs. 
1  and  2.    Tawi  Tawi*. 

125.  Tanygnathus  luconensis  (Linn. );  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xx.  p.  424  (1891).     Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Siquijor. 

126.  Tanygnathus  burbidgei  Sharpe;  Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xx.  p.  505,  pi.  xiii.  (1891).    Tawi  Tawi*. 

127.  Bolbopsittacus  intermedius  Salvad.;  Salvador!,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.  xx.  p.  505  pi.  xiii.  (1891),  Samar. 

128.  Loriculus  bonapartei  Souance;    Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xx.  pp.  530,  619  (1891).    Tawi  Tawi*. 

129.  Loriculus  regulus  Souance;    Salvad.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xx. 
p.  523  (1891).     Tablas  Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

130.  Xantholaema  haematocephala  (P.  L.  S.  Mull.);  Shelley,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.  xix.  p.  89  (1891).     Calamianes(?). 

131.  Xantholaema  intermedia  Shelley;     Shelley,   Cat.  B.    Brit. 
Mus.  xix.  p.  97  (1891).    Tablas,  Masbate(?). 

132.  lyngipicus  maculatus  (Scop. ) ;  Yungipicus  maculatus,  Steere, 
List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  9  (1890).     Cebu. 

133.  lyngipicus   ramsayi  Harg  ;    Harg.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xviii. 
p  331  (1890).     Tawi  Tawi. 

134.  Tiga  everetti  Tweed.;    Harg.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xviii.  p. 
418(1890).    Calamianes. 

135.  Chrysocolaptes  erythrocephalus  Sharpe.;     Harg.    Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.  xviii.  p.  452  (1890).     Calamianes. 

136.  Thrlponax  javensis  (Horsf.);    Harg.,   Cat.   B.   Brit.    Mus. 
xviii.  p.  498  (1890).     Tawi  Tawi*,  Cebu. 

137.  Thriponax  philippensis  Steere;    Steere,  Ibis,  1891,  p.  305. 
Panay. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY  KNOWN. 

138.  Corvus  philippinus  Bp.;     Hartert,   J.  f.  O.  1891,    p.    204 
Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

139.  Sturnia  violacea  (Bodd.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit  Mus.  xiii   n 
70  (1890).    Mindoro,  Tawi  Tawi. 

140.  Sarcops  calvus  (Linn.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xiii.  p. 
104  (1890).     Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan. 

141.  Mainatus  palawanensis  Sharpe;   Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xiii.  p.  104  (1890).     Calamianes. 

142.  Calornis  panayensis  (Scop.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xiii.  p.  147  (1890).     Samar,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romb- 
lon, Sibuyan. 

143.  Chibia  palawanensis  (Tweed.);    Sharpe,   Ibis,  1884,  p.  318. 
Calamianes. 

144.  Chibia  borneensis  Sharpe;    Sharpe,   P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  246. 
Tawi  Tawi. 

145.  Buchanga  palawanensis  Whiteh.;  Whiteh.,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  47. 
Calamianes. 

146.  Oriolus  chinensis  (Linn.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xiii.  p. 
203  (1877).     Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan, 
Masbate. 

147.  Munia  oryzivora  (Linn.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xiii.  p. 
328  (1890).     Panay,  Samar. 

148.  Munia  jagori  (Cab.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xiii.  p.  337 
(1890).     Basilan,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibu 
yan,  Siquijor. 

149.  Munia  cabanisi  Sharpe;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xiii.  p. 
353  (1890).     Panay. 

150.  Uroloncha  everetti  (Tweed.);  Sharpe,  Cat.   B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xiii.  p.  363  (1890).     Calamianes,  Tawi  Ta\\i*,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Si- 
buyan. 

151.  Passer  montanus  (Linn.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xii.  p. 
301,  (1888).     Cebu. 

152.  Motacilla  ocularis  Swinh.;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  x.  p. 
471  (1885).     Palawan. 

153.  Motacilla  melanope  Pall. ;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit  Mus.  x.  p. 
498  (1885).     Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Romblon,   Sibuyan,  Masbate. 

154.  Motacilla  flava  Linn. ;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  x.  p.  516 
pi.  vi.  figs.  3-5  (1885).    Negros. 


38  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

155.  Anthus  gustavi  Swinh.;   Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  x.  p.  613 
( 1885).  Tawi  Tawi,  Sibuyan,  Romblon,  Masbate. 

156.  Anthus  rufulus  Vieill.;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  x.  p.  574 
1835)  Calam  ianes,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Masbate. 

157.  Climacteris  mystacalis  (Temm.);  Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
viii.  p.  339  (1883).     Negros,  Masbate,  Samar. 

158.  Dendrophila  oenochlamys  Sharpe;     Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.  viii,  p.  359  (1883).     Samar. 

159.  Aethopyga  magnifica  Sharpe;  Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ix. 
p.  24  (1884).     Panay,  Tablas,  Sibuyan. 

160.  Aethopyga  shelleyi  Sharpe;   Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ix. 
p.  29  (1884).     Calamianes. 

161.  Cinnyris  sperata  (Linn.);  Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ix.  p. 
63  (1884).    Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Panay,  Siquijor, 
Cebu. 

162.  Cinnyris  juliae  (Tweed. );  Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ix.  p.  64 
(1884).     Tawi  Tawi.* 

163.  Cinnyris  jugularis  (Linn.);  Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ix.  p. 
84  (1884).     Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Masbate,  Siqui- 
jor. 

164.  Cinnyris  aurora  (Tweed.);  Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ix.  p. 
88  (1884).     Calamianes. 

165.  Cinnyris  guimarasensis  Steere;     Steere,  Ibis,  p.  315.  1891, 
Panay. 

166.  Anthothreptes  chlorigaster  Sharpe;    Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.  ix.  p.  123  (1884).      Tablas,  Sibuyan,   Romblon,  Panay,  Tawi 
Tawi* 

167.  Anthothreptes  griseigularis  Tweed. ;     Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.  ix.  p.  126  (1884).     Samar. 

168.  Dicaeum  rubriventer  Less.;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ix. 
p.  36  (1885).     Samar,  Masbate. 

169.  Dicaeum  mindanense  Tweed. ;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  x. 
p.  37  (1885).    Basilan,  Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi. 

170.  Dicaeum  pygaeum  (Kittl.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  x.  p. 
43  (1885).     Samar,  Siquijor,  Masbate,  Sibuyan. 

171.  Prionochilus  johnannae  Sharpe;    Sharpe,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  201, 
pi.  iv.  fig.  1.    Calamianes. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   KNOWN.  39 

172.  Zosterops  everetti  Tweed.;    Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus  ix  r 
163  (1884).     Tawi  Tawi*  Sulu. 

173.  Zosterops  nigrorum  Tweed.;     Gadow,   Cat.  B.  Brit    Mus 

ix.  p.  186  (1884).     Masbate. 

174.  Parus  elegans  Less. ;    Gadow,  Cat    B.  Brit.   Mus.  viii.  p  22 
(1883).     Mindoro,  Tawi  Tawi. 

175.  Hyloterpe  philippinensis  Wald.;    Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc. 
ix.  p.  179,  pi.  xxxi.  fig.  2.  (1875).     Mindanao. 

176.  Hyloterpe  homeyeri  Bias. ;    Bias.  J.  f.  O.  1890,  p.  143.    Tawi 
Tawi,  Mindanao. 

177.  Lanius  lucionensis  Linn. ;    Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  viii.  p. 
285  (1883).     Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibu- 
yan,  Siquijor. 

178.  Lanius  nasutus  Scop  ;    Walden,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc  ix.  p,  169 
(1875),     Samar,  Masbate,  Calamianes. 

179.  Artamus  leucogaster  (Valenc. );    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  MUF. 
xiii.  p.  3  (1890).  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Rombion,  Sibuyan, 
Masbate. 

180.  Phylloscopus  borealis  (Bias.);  Seebohm,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
v.    p.  40  (1881).     Samar,  Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,   Mindoro, 
Tablas,  Sibuyan,  Guimaras. 

181.  Cryptolopha  olivacea  (Moseley)=Abrornis  olivacea  Mose- 
ley;  Ibis,  1891,  p.  47.  Mindanao,  Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi. 

182.  Pratincola  caprata  (Linn.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iv. 
p.  195.  (1879).     Masbate,  Siquijor. 

183.  Acrocephalus  orientalis  (Temm.  &  Schleg.);  Seebohm,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.  vii.  p.  123  (1883).     Mindoro. 

184.  Megalurus  palustris  Horsf.;    Sharpe,  Cat.   B.  Brit.  Mus. 
vii.  p.  125  (1883).    Masbate. 

185.  Megalurus  ruficeps  Tweed.;    Sharpe,  Cat.   B.   Brit.  Mus. 
vii.  p.  224  (1883).     Calamianes. 

186.  Orthotomus  castaneiceps,  Wald. ;  Sharpe.  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
vii.  p.  223  (1883).     Masbate. 

187.  Orthotomus  ruficeps  (Less.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  vii 
p.  224.     Calamianes. 

188.  Cisticola  cisticola  (Temm.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  vii. 
p.  259  (1883).     Mindanao. 


40  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:    PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

189.  Cisticola  exilis  (Vig.  &  Horsf.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
vii.  p.  269  (1883).     Samar,  Tablas,  Sibuyan,  Panay,  Cebu,  Siquijor, 
Masbate,  Mindoro,  Calamianes. 

190.  Geocichla  interpres  (Temm.);  Seebohm,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  v. 
p.  166(1881).     TawiTawi. 

191.  Monticola  solitaria  (P.  L.  S.  Mull.);  Seebohm,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.  v.  p.  329  (1881).      Sulu,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Rom- 
blon,  Sibuyan,  Masbate,  Siquijor. 

192.  Erithacus  calliope  (Pall.);  Seebohm,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  v.  p. 
305  (1881).    Masbate. 

193.  Copsychus  mindanensis  (Gm.);    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
vii.  p.  60  (1883).    Tawi  Tawi,   Mindoro,  Tablas,  Sibuyan,  Masbate, 
Siquijor. 

194.  Cittocincla  nigra  Sharpe;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  vii.  p. 
90  (1883).     Calamianes. 

195.  Mixornis  plateni  Bias;    Bias.,  J.   f.  O.   1890.  pp.  145,  147. 
Samar. 

196.  Macronus  kettlewelli  Guillem.;    Guillem.,  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p. 
262,  pi.  xviii.  fig.  2.     Tawi  Tawi.* 

197.  Chloropsis  palawanensis  Sharpe;     Sharpe,    Cat.   B.    Brit. 
Mus.  vi.  p.  33  (1881).     Calamianes. 

198.  lole  haynaldi  (Bias.);  Sharpe,  Ibis,  1894,  p.  253.  Tawi  Tawi. 

199.  Poliolophus  urostictus  (Salvad. );  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
vi.  p.  79,  pi.  v  (1881).     Samar. 

200.  Criniger  f  rater  Sharpe;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  vi.  p.  79, 
pi.  v.  (1881).     Calamianes. 

201.  Pycnonotus  goiavier  (Scop);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  vi. 
p.  141  (1881).     Samar,  Tablas,  Panay,  Masbate. 

202.  Pycnonotus  cinereifrons  (Tweed.);    Sharpe,   Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.  vi.  p.  153  (1881).    Calamianes. 

203.  Irena  melanochlamys  Sharpe;   Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iii. 
p.  266(1877).    Mindanao. 

204.  Irena  tweeddalii  Sharpe;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iii.  p. 
268  (1877).     Calamianes. 

205.  Artamides  sumatrensis  (S.  Mull.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
iv.  p.  12  (1879).    Calamianes. 

206.  Artamides  guillemardi  (Salvad.);  Salvad.,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  154. 
Tawi  Tawi. 


SPECIES  PREVIOUSLY   KNOWN.  41 

207.  Artamides  mindorensis  Steere;    Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere 
Exped.  p.  14  (1890).     Tablas. 

208.  Edoliisoma  everetti   Sharpe;     Sharpe,  Ibis,   1894,   p.   254. 
Tawi  Tawi,  Sulu. 

209.  Pericrocotus  leytensis  Steere;    Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere 
Exped.  p.  15  (1890).  Samar. 

210.  Lalage  minor  (Steere);— Pseudolalage  minor,  Steere,  list  B. 
&  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  15  (1890).     Samar. 

211.  Lalage  terat  (Bodd.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.Brit.   Mus.  iv.  p.  95 
(1879).     Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Siquijor. 

212.  Muscicapa  griseisticta  (Swinh.);   Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
iv.  p.  153  (1879).      Siquijor,  Masbate,  Mindoro,   Calamianes,  Tawi 
Tawi. 

213.  Muscicapula  mindanensisBlas.,  J.  f.  O.  1890,  p.  147.    Basilan. 

214.  Hypothymis  azurea  (Bodd.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iv. 
p.  274  (1879).     Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyau, 
Masbate,  Siquijor. 

215.  Cyanomyias  coelestis  (Tweed.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
iv.  p.  278  (1878).     Mindanao,  Sibuyan. 

216.  Rhipidura  nigritorquis  Vigors;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
iv.  p.  334  (1879).     Samar,  Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Mindoro,  Tablas, 
Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Masbate,  Siquijor. 

217.  Zeocephus  rufus  Gray;   Sharpe,  Cat,  B.  Brit.  Mus.  iv.  p.  343 
(1879).     Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Cebu. 

218.  Zeocephus  cyanescens  Sharpe;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
iv.  p.  343  (1879).     Calamianes. 

219.  Zeocephus  cinnamomeus  Sharpe:     Sharpe,   Cat    B.  Brit. 
Mus.  iv.  p.  343  (1879).     Tawi  Tawi. 

220.  Culicicapa  panayensis,  Sharpe;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
iv.  p.  450  (1879).     Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Guimaras. 
Masbate,  Siquijor. 

221.  Siphia  philippinensis  Sharpe;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.   Brit.  Mus. 
iv.  p.  371  (1879).    Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Guimaras, 
Masbate,  Siquijor. 

222.  Siphia  lemprieri  Sharpe;    Sharpe,  Ibis,  1884,  p.  319.      Cal- 
amianes. 

223.  Hirundo  gatturalis  Scop.;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  x.  p. 
134  (1885).     Mindoro,  Basilan,  Sulu,  Palawan,  Siquijor. 


42  BOURNS  AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY    NOTES. 

224.  Hirundo  javanica  Sparrm.;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  x. 
p.    142   (1885).    Luzon,  Tawi  Tawi,   Calamines,  Panay,   Guimaras, 
Masbate,  Siquijor. 

225.  Pitta  erythrogaster    Temm.;     Sclater,  Cat.  B.  Brit.   Mus. 
xiv.  p.  432  (1888).     Tawi  Tawi,  Tablas,  Sibuyan,  Romblon,  Panay, 
Masbate,  Cebu,  Siquijor. 

226.  Pitta  atricapilla  Less. ;     Sclater,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xiv.  p. 
438  (1888).     Tawi  Tawi,  Calamianes,  Mindoro,  Tablas,  Cebu. 

The  following  known  species  not  previously  recorded  from  the 
Philippines  were  found  there  by  us: 

1.  Caprimulgus  jotaka  Temm.  &  Schleg.;    Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.  xvi.  p.  552  (1892).    Palawan. 

2.  Prionochilus  modestus  Hume.;     Hume,  Str.  P.  p.  298,  1875. 

We  have  therefore  added  7  species  to  the  known  bird  fauna  of 
Luzon,  7  to  that  of  Palawan,  25  to  that  of  Sulu,  15  to  that  of  Basilan, 
13  to  that  of  Mindanao,  38  to  that  of  Panay,  24  to  that  of  Negros,  9 
to  that  of  Guimaras,  52  to  that  of  Siquijor,  40  to  that  of  Cebu,  37  to 
that  of  Samar,  67  to  that  of  Masbate,  and  40  to  that  of  Mindoro. 

In  Tawi  Tawi  we  discovered  92  species,  of  which  19  were  after- 
ward found  by  Mr.  Everett's  collectors  also,  as  well  as  three  species 
not  obtained  by  us,  making  the  whole  number  of  species  at  present 
known  from  Tawi  Tawi  95. 

In  Romblon  we  discovered  44  species,  in  Sibuyan  65,  and  in  Tablas 
66.  The  curious  fauna  of  these  three  islands  will  be  fully  treated 
of  later. 

In  the  Calamianes  Islands  (Culion  and  Busuanga)  we  discovered 
73  species  of  birds,  all  of  them  identical  with  species  found  in  Pala- 
wan. Most  of  the  mammals  found  in  the  Calamianes  Islands  were 
also  well  known  Palawan  forms.  Deer  are,  however,  very  abundant 
in  the  Calamianes,  and  we  found  one  mammal  in  Busuanga  which  is 
probably  new. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   DESCRIBED.  43 


IV. 

ADDITIONAL  NOTES  ON  PREVIOUSLY  DESCRIBED  SI»K<  IKS 
OF  BIRDS. 

Polyplectron  napoleonis  Less. 

Polyplectrum  napoleonis  Less.     Traite  d'Orn.  pp.  487,650(1831). 

Polyplectron  enphanum  Tern.  PL  Col.  v.  pi.  -18  (No.  540)  (1831). 

Polyplectron  emphanes  Sclat.  List  of  Phas.  p.  12  (1854);  id.  Ibis,  1878,  p.  623. 

Polyplectron  napoleonis  Tweed.  (Nee.  Less.)  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  792;  Sharpe, 
Ibis,  1888,  p.  203;  Blasius,  Ornis.  1888,  p.  317;  Everett,  Birds  of  Borneo, 
p.  198  (1889);  Whitehead,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  57. 

Polyplectron  nehrkornae  Bias.  Mitth.  orn.    Ver.  Wien,  1891,  p.  1;  id.  J.  f.  O. 

1891.  p.  10. 

We  have  some  information  to  offer  concerning  the  habitat  of  the 
much  discussed  Polyplectron  napoleonis.  Mr.  Ogilvie  Grant  states 
in  the  Catalogue  of  Birds,  vol.  xxii.  p.  361,  that  the  male  of  P.  napo- 
leonis is  "exactly  similar  to  the  male  of  P.  nehrkornae,  but  the 
white  superciliary  stripes  are  wide  and  strongly  marked  and  conflu- 
ent on  the  nape.  Total  length  18.5  inches,  wing,  7.3,  tail,  7.8,  tarsus, 
2.5.  Habitat  unknown.  (?)  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands." 

While  in  Palawan  we  were  so  fortunate  as  to  secure  a  series  of 
eleven  fully  adult  males  of  the  Polyplectron  inhabiting  that  island. 
Of  these,  two  have  not  the  slightest  trace  of  superciliary  stripes,  while 
a  third  has  only  four  small  white  feathers  on  one  side.  In  each  of 
the  above  there  are  a  few  white  feathers  on  the  nape.  Three  of  our 
specimens  perfectly  agree  with  the  description  of  typical  P.  nehr- 
kornae. Three  specimens  have  broad  superciliary  stripes  almost 
confluent  on  the  nape,  and  in  one  bird  the  superciliary  stripes,  which 
begin  between  eye  and  nostril,  are  very  broad,  widening  steadily 
towards  the  nape  WHERE  THEY  ARE  FULLY  CONFLUENT.  An  exam- 
ination of  young  birds  of  which  we  have  a  good  series  shows  that 
the  width  and  extent  of  the  superciliary  lines  is  independent  of  age. 
We  therefore  feel  perfectly  satisfied  that  P.  Napoleonis  and  P. 
nehrkornae  are  identical  since  the  width  of  the  white  superciliary 
stripes  is  an  uncertain  quantity,  subject  to  wide  individual  variation, 
and  may  even  be  absent. 

As  P.  napoleonis  is  easily  trapped,  we  feel  that  the  presumptive 
evidence  against  its  occurrence  in  Luzon  is  very  strong.  The  na- 
tives would  certainly  know  of  its  presence  were  it  found  there  and 
we  venture  to  prophesy  that  Mr.  Whitehead  will  search  that  island 
in  vain  for  it. 


44  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

The  bill  of  P.  napoleonis  is  black  tipped  with  pale  horn  color. 
The  legs,  feet  and  nails  are  brown.  The  eyes  chocolate  brown. 
One  of  our  birds  has  but  one  spur  on  the  left  leg. 

In  young  birds  the  ocelli  are  at  first  grey  with  black  centers. 
The  irridescent  blue-green  color  appears  first  in  the  middle  of  the 
ocellus  and  gradually  spreads  outward. 

P.  napoleonis  is  extremely  shy.  All  our  specimens  were  snared, 
though  Mr.  Bourns  caught  a  glimpse  of  a  female  on  one  occasion. 
Our  males  average  as  follows:  Length,  20.43.  Wing,  7.10.  Tail, 
8.<6.  Culmen,  .93.  Tarsus,  2.40.  The  females  are  somewhat  smaller: 
Seven  specimens  average  16.52  in  length.  Wing,  6.53.  Tail,  5.94. 
Culmen,  .87.  Tarsus,  2.15. 

Ardea  jugular  is  of  Dr.  Steere's  list  is  Demiegretta  sacra,  (Gm.). 

Circus  philippinensis  Steere. 

Circus  philippinensis  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  1  (1890). 
Although  Gurney,  Everett  and  others  doubt  the  validity  of 
Dr.  Steere's  C.  philippinensis  and  the  presumptive  evidence  against 
the  existence  in  the  Philippines  of  a  peculiar  species  of  this  genus 
would  seem  strong,  the  single  female  of  our  collecting  most  nearly 
agrees  with  Dr.  Steere's  description  and  we  accordingly  provision- 
ally adopt  his  title. 

Spilornis  holospilus  (Vig.). 

Spilornis  holospilus  (Vig  );    Sharpe,   Cat.   B.  Brit.  Mus.  1.  p.  293  (1874). 
Spilornis  panayensis  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  7  (1890). 

Dr.  Steere  has  attempted  to  separate  the  representatives  of  this 
genus  from  the  central  Philippines  under  the  name  S.  panayensis, 
on  the  ground  that  they  are  smaller  and  lighter  in  color  than  is  S. 
holospilus.  We  find  that  both  light  and  dark  birds  occur  through- 
out the  range  of  the  species  in  the  islands.  We  have  very  dark  and 
richly  colored  birds  from  the  central  islands,  but  we  do  not  find  any 
constant  difference  in  size  between  them  and  birds  from  other  parts  of 
the  group.  We  think  that  S.  panayesis  was  founded  on  differences 
due  to  change  of  season  and  to  individual  variation  and  believe 
that  the  species  is  not  a  valid  one. 

Ninox  japonica  (T.  &  S. ). 

Ninox  japonica  (T.  &  S.);  Sharpe.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  325. 
There  is  no  doubt  as  to  the  identity  of  the  birds  in  question,  which 
are  from  Cebu.     Three  males  measure  12.62  inches  in  length.  Wiiig, 
8.98.     Tail,  5.37.     Culmen,  .71.    Tarsus,  1.27. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   DESCRIBED.  45 

Ceyx  euerythra  Sharpe. 

Ceyx  euerythra  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  Vol.  xvii.  p  179  (1892). 
It  is  hard  to  make  out  what  Dr.  Sharpe  means  by  his  description 
(Cat.  B.  xvii.  p.  179)  "entirely  red  with  a  wash  of  beautiful  lilac  on 
the  upper  surface;  greater  wing-coverts  and  innermost  secondar- 
ies tipped  with  rufous,"  but  we  take  it  that  he  means  upper  surface 
entirely  red.  We  have  fourteen  specimens  from  Tawi  Tawi,  Pala- 
wan and  the  Calamianes  islands  and  they  show  some  interesting 
plumage  changes  which  were  for  some  time  a  puzzle  to  us. 

An  adult  pair  in  high  plumage  from  the  Calamianes  have  entire 
upper  surface  of  body  red,  washed  with  lilac,  most  heavily  on  head 
and  rump.  Wing-coverts  and  scapulars  like  back.  Secondaries 
rufous  with  broad  black  shaft  stripes.  Primaries  black,  the  first 
rufous  for  entire  length  of  outer  web  and  most  of  the  others  show- 
ing a  small  amount  of  rufous  at  their  tips.  Under  surface  of  pri- 
maries washed  with  rufous  on  inner  webs.  Chin  and  throat  white 
faintly  tinged  with  lemon  yellow.  Remainder  of  under  surface  deep 
golden  yellow,  darkest  on  sides  of  breast  and  flanks.  A  yellowish 
white  patch  behind  ear.  Under  tail-coverts  golden  yellow  tipped 
with  rufous.  Tail  uniform  bright  rufous  above  and  below.  Under 
wing -co  verts  and  axillaries  golden  yellow.  Bend  of  wing  rufous. 

This  plumage  we  take  to  be  typical  for  fully  adult  birds  in  fine 
feather. 

Two  females  from  Palawan  agree  with  this  description  except  that 
in  one  the  secondaries  show  rufous  only  on  under  surface  of  inner 
webs,  and  that  the  primaries  show  no  rufous  except  on  basal  half  of 
outer  web  of  first.  The  under  wing  coverts,  axillaries  and  bend  of 
wing  are  light  rufous  instead  of  yellow. 

Dr.  Sharpe  (Ibis,  '94,  p.  246)  reports  an  adult  male  of  this  species 
from  Bongao  and  a  female  from  Tawi  Tawi.  We  note  certain 
differences  shown  by  our  Tawi  Tawi  specimens,  of  which  we  have 
twelve.  Of  these  four  agree  with  the  Calamianes  birds  except  that 
the  scapulars  show  more  or  less  black  at  their  bases  and  that  the 
secondaries  show  more  of  black.  Among  the  remaining  specimens, 
however,  there  are  some  curious  variations. 

First  it  is  to  be  noted  that  in  three  fully  adult  birds  beginning  to 
moult  the  under  surface  is  pale  dirty  yellowish,  the  throat  white. 

In  two  of  the  birds  a  few  scattered  yellow  feathers  are  appearing 
in  the  white  of  the  throat.  This  then  is  the  worn  out  plumage  of  old 
birds. 

A  male  with  rich  yellow  under  surface  and  white  throat  has  some 
of  the  scapulars  entirely  black,  tipped  with  blue,  the  remainder 


4(5  BOURNS  AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

being  tipped  with  lilac.  Some  of  the  wing-coverts  are  black  tip- 
ped with  blue.  No  rufous  on  primaries  except  on  outer  web  of  first. 

Another  bird  has  chin  and  throat  pure  white,  the  breast  mottled 
with  golden  yellow  and  light  cinnamon  rufous.  Feathers  of  abdo- 
men nearly  white,  tips  washed  with  rufous.  Under  wing- coverts 
and  axillaries  cinnamon  rufous.  A  little  more  black  in  the  scapu- 
lars than  the  preceding.  Tail  with  broad  black  shaft  stripes  on 
apical  half  of  under  surface  of  feathers. 

Another  specimen  has  chin  and  throat  pure  white.  Sides  of  face, 
breast,  flanks,  under  wing-coverts  and  axillaries  cinnamon  rufous, 
deepest  on  the  breast.  Abdomen  nearly  white.  A  few  golden  yel- 
low feathers  appearing  on  breast,  flanks  and  abdomen.  Scapulars, 
except  a  few  of  the  smallest,  black  quite  broadly  tipped  with  blue, 
tail  with  tips  of  all  its  feathers  black. 

Finally,  a  single  specimen  has  under  surface  as  in  preceeding 
except  that  yellow  feathers  have  not  begun  to  appear.  Scapulars 
and  inner  third  of  inner  secondaries  black,  the  former  tipped  with 
blue,  the  latter  with  rufous  washed  with  lilac.  Tail  with  apical 
two- thirds  of  feathers  black  washed  with  rufous  on  edges  of  webs. 
The  bill  of  this  last  bird  shows  signs  of  immaturity,  being  blackish 
toward  the  tip  instead  of  clear  scarlet. 

We  were  at  first  greatly  puzzled  by  these  birds,  a,s  the  black 
scapulars  with  their  blue  tips  form  a  striking  marking  and  with  a 
single  exception  the  bills  of  our  specimens  showed  no  sign  of  imma- 
turity. After  carefully  examining  the  whole  series,  however,  we 
are  convinced  that  the  cinnamon  rufous  under  surface,  tail-feathers 
tipped  with  black  and  black  scapulars  tipped  with  blue  are  them- 
selves signs  of  immaturity,  the  black  gradually  disappearing  with 
age,  and  yellow  feathers  appearing  on  the  under  surface 
until  the  plumage  first  described  by  us  is  reached.  This  finally 
becomes  worn  and  soiled  giving  the  dirty  yellowish  under  plumage 
already  noted.  Our  Tawi  Tawi  birds  were  shot  late  in  October  and 
early  in  November,  Palawan  birds  in  December,  and  Calamianes 
birds  in  January  and  February. 

Oeyx  melanura  Kaup. 

Ceyx  melanura  Kaup.:  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p.  180(1892). 
Ceyx  samarensis  Steere,  L'st  B.  and  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  10  (1890). 

We  obtained  a  fine  series  of  specimens  in  Samar  which  agree  in 
every  detail  with  the  description  of  C.  melanura.  The  specimens 
secured  by  us  were  found  among  the  hills  in  deep  forest  and  invari- 
ably away  from  water. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   DESCRIBED.  47 

Ceyx  mindanensis  Steere 

Ceyx  mindanensis,  List  B.  and  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  10  (1890). 
Ceyx  basilanica  Steere,  List  B.  and  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  10  (1890).     Sharpe 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  vol.  xvii.  p.  181  (1892). 
Ceyx,  platenae  Bias.,  J.  f.  10.  1890.  p.  141. 

With  a  very  large  series  of  specimens  from  Mindanao  and  Basilan 
at  our  disposal  we  are  unable  to  detect  the  slightest  difference 
between  the  birds  from  the  two  islands  and  we  therefore  unite  them 
under  the  name  C.  mindanensis,  as  the  Mindanao  birds  were  obtained 
and  described  first.  Frequents  forest  or  low  second  growth  away 
from  water. 

Ceyx  bournsi  Steere. 

Ceyx  bournsi  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped,  p.  10  (1890);  Sharpe,    Cat. 

B.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  185,  vol.  xvii  (1892). 
Ceyx  malamaui   Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  10  (1890);    Sharpe, 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  184,  vol.  xvii  (1892). 
Ceyx  suluensis  Bias.,  J.  f.  O.  p.  141  (1890). 
Ceyx  inargarethae  Bias.,  J.  f.  O.  1890,  p.  141. 

It  will  be  noticed,  doubtless  with  some  surprise  that  we  have 
here  united  several  apparently  well  marked  species.  We  can  only 
request  those  who  are  inclined  to  doubt  the  reasonableness  of  our 
action  to  postpone  their  final  decision  until  they  have  inspected  our 
series  of  specimens.  Our  conclusions  are  based  on  a  series  of 
sixty-six  specimens  from  Tablas,  Romblon,  Sibuyan,  Negros,  Siqui- 
jor,  Cebu,  Basilan,  Sulu  and  Tawi  Tawi. 

We  find  that  we  must  either  multiply  the  number  of  small  blue 
woods  Ceyces  from  the  Philippines  indefinitely  or  reduce  the 
above  mentioned  species  to  one.  It  would  be  an  almost  endless 
task  to  describe  the  different  phases  of  plumage  shown  and  we  will 
only  say  that  we  have  a  practically  unbroken  series  between  a  bird 
with  a  magnificent  deep  blue  upper  surface  and  a  bird  with  a  fine 
silvery  white  upper  surface  which  has  not  a  blue  feather  on  it. 

In  the  latter  specimens  the  white  occupies  exactly  the  position  of 
the  blue  in  the  specimens  first  mentioned. 

Our  series  shows  that  these  extraordinary  differences  of  color  are 
independent  of  sex,  age  or  locality,  some  young  birds  are  very 
light,  others  very  dark.  In  one  case  where  parent  and  offspring 
were  killed  at  one  discharge  of  the  gun  they  exhibited  marked  dif- 
ferences in  color. 

The  amount  of  blue  or  white  is,  however,  dependent  on  age  to 
some  extent,  the  young  birds  always  showing  much  more  black  on 
the  upper  surface  than  do  adults.  Bill,  legs,  feet  and  nails 
are  bright  scarlet  in  adults.  In  the  young  the  bill  is  at  first  black 
tipped  with  pale  horn  and  the  legs  and  feet  are  pale  flesh  color. 


48  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

We  retain  the  name  C.  bournsi  because  some  seventy-five  per 
cent  of  our  specimens  answer  fairly  well  the  description  of  that 
species  as  given  by  Dr.  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  xvii.  p.  185.  When  this 
type  is  once  departed  from,  however,  the  variations  are  intermina- 
ble and  with  a  smaller  series  of  specimens  at  our  disposal  we 
should  certainly  have  fallen  into  hopeless  confusion.  We  note,  also, 
great  variability  in  the  color  of  the  under  surface,  some  specimens 
being  very  much  darker  than  others. 

Ceyx  bournsi  is  a  strictly  woods  form  and  its  shy  habits  doubt- 
less explain  its  having  been  so  generally  missed  by  collectors. 

Ceyx  cyanipectus  Lafr. 

Ceyx  cyanipectus  Lafr.;  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p.  185  (1892). 
.Ceyx  steerii  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p.  187  (1892). 

It  is  with  regret  that  we  find  ourselves  compelled  to  differ  from  so 
eminent  an  authority  as  Dr.  Sharpe,  but  an  examination  of  a  large 
series  of  specimens  has  convinced  us  that  the  Luzon  and  Mindoro 
birds  are  identical.  C.  cyanipectus  is  extremely  common  along  the 
fresh  water  steams  in  the  interior  of  Mindoro.  On  one  occasion  we 
shot  thirteen  specimens  in  a  single  day. 

Dr.  Sharpe  records  one  female  only  from  Mindoro  in  the  British 
Museum  collection.  He  separates  the  Mindoro  bird  on  accout  of 
"the  dull  reddish  color  of  the  under  surface,"  but  Luzon  birds  in  fine 
plumage  SHOW  THIS  SAME  COLOR.  The  plate  in  Ibis,  1884,  is  ex- 
tremely poor  and  gives  an  entirely  erroneous  idea  of  the  color  of  the 
under  parts  of  the  Luzon  bird.  The  plate  in  Dr.  Sharpe's  mono- 
graph of  the  Alcedinidae  is  much  nearer  the  truth. 

We  are  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  Dr.  Sharpe  has  fallen  into 
error  on  account  of  insufficient  material,  though  the  trouble  seems 
to  be  rather  with  the  Luzon  specimens  than  with  the  one  from  Min- 
doro. If  the  plate  in  Ibis  correctly  represents  the  specimens 
obtained  by  Mr.  Maitland-Herriot  they  must  have  been  in  extremely 
poor  plumage.  The  other  British  Museum  specimens  from  Luzon 
are  apparently  all  old  and  may  be  faded. 

We  found  C.  cyanipectus  along  the  banks  of  fresh  water  streams 
in  Masbate  and  Sibuyan  as  well  as  in  Mindoro  and  Luzon. 

In  Sibuyan  a  single  specimen  was  seen  in  a  mangrove  swamp. 
We  never  met  with  it  away  from  water. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   DESCRIBED.  49 

Anthracoceros  montani  (Oust.). 

Buceros  montani  Oust.  Bull.  Hebd.  Assoc.  Scien.  de  Fr.  p.  206  1880. 
Anthracoceros  montani  Grant,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvii.  p.  370(1892). 

We  were  so  fortunate  as  to  secure  aseries  of  fourteen  specimens  of 
this  rare  horn- bill  from  Sulu  and  Tawi  Tawi.  The  tail  is  pure  white. 
All  other  parts  black,  the  feathers  of  back  and  wings  glossed  with 
dark  green.  The  bill  in  abult  birds  is  coal  black.  In  all  of  our  adult 
males  the  iris  was  nearly  white  while  in  the  females  it  was  dark 
brown.  Legs  and  feet  dull  leaden,  nails  black.  Young  birds  have 
tip  of  bill  white  or  pale  horn. 

Fairly  common  on  the  hills  back  of  the  town  of  Sulu  and  very 
abundant  in  Tawi  Tawi  where  it  occurs  in  great  flocks.  It  is  a  very 
wild  bird,  always  difficult  to  approach.  Its  cry  is  the  most  peculiar 
bird  note  we  have  ever  heard.  It  begins  with  a  series  of  notes  pre- 
cisely like  the  "song"  of  a  common  hen  magnified  about  fifty  fold 
and  ends  with  an  indescribable  combination  of  cackles  and  shrieks. 

Three  males  average  28.12  inches  in  length.  Wing,  11.52.  Tail 
9.51.  Tarsus,  2.02.  Seven  females  measure  26.73  inches  in  length. 
Wing,  10.85.  Tail,  8.90.  Tarsus,  1.94. 

Collocalia  francica  (Gm.). 
Collocalia  francica  (Gm.);  Hartert,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xvi.  p.  503  (1892). 

Hartert  (J.  f.  O.  1891,  p.  302)  seems  strongly  inclined  to  doubt  the 
occurence  in  the  Philippines  of  C.  francica  and  suggests  that  the 
birds  so  identified  by  Dr.  Steere  may  have  been  C.  marginata.  Were 
there  no  other  distinction  the  great  difference  in  the  size  of  the  two 
species  would  make  such  a  blunder  impossible. 

We  obtained  a  series  of  specimens  in  Culion  and  Panay  which  an- 
swer the  description  of  C.  francica  as  given  by  Hartert  (Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.  xvi.  p.  503)  in  every  detail,  having  the  band  of  smoky  white 
feathers  with  distinct  black  shaft  stripes  well  defined  on  the  rump. 
Hartert  states  that  the  length  of  C.  francica  is  "over  four  inches." 
Our  specimens  measure  4.62  inches  in  length.  Wing,  4.54.  Tail,  1.97. 
Culmen,  .21.  Tarsus,  .37. 

Iris  dark  brown.     Legs  and  feet  light  brown.     Bill  black. 

Surniculus  velutinus  Sharpe. 

Surniculus  velutinus  Sharpe;  Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit,  Mus.  xix.  p.  230  (1891). 

Abundant  in  Basilan.     A  young  bird  from  this  island,  two  thirds 

grown,   is  light  rusty  brown  in  color,  lightest  on  under  surface. 

The  crown  and  nape  show  metallic  blue  black  feathers.    One  of  the 

scapulars,  many  feathers  of  rump  and  all  of  tail  same  color,  mostly 


50  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

tipped  with  rusty  brown.  Wing-coverts  rusty  brown  with  faint 
dark  shaft  markings  appearing.  Upper  surface  of  wing  black, 
faintly  metallic,  all  the  feathers  edged  with  rusty  brown.  Under 
surface  of  body  uniform  light  brown.  Wing-coverts  white  strongly 
washed  with  brown  at  tips.  White  spot  on  inner  webs  of  primaries 
appearing.  Under  surface  of  tail  dull  metallic  blue,  each  feather 
with  several  spots  of  white. 

A  bird  nearly  grown  shows  numerous  brown  feathers  on  head  and 
back.  Primaries  washed  with  rusty  brown,  primary  coverts  uni- 
form brown.  Throat,  chin  and  upper  breast  nearly  black.  A  third 
has  general  color  of  adult  but  some  feathers  of  head,  nape,  primary 
coverts,  breast  and  abdomen  as  well  as  tips  of  some  of  the 
secondaries  are  washed  with  rusty  brown. 

Bolbopsittacus  intermedius  Salvad. 

Bolbsittacus  intermedius  Salvad.,    Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xx.  p.  505,  pi.  xiii. 
(1891). 

We  are  happy  to  be  able  to  establish  the  habitat  of  Count  Sal- 
vadori's  B.  intermedius.  Four  specimens  were  secured  near  Cat- 
bologan,  Satnar.  An  adult  male  agrees  perfectly  with  Salvadori's 
description  and  excellent  figure  and  there  is  no  room  for  doubt  as 
to  the  identity  of  the  Samar  birds. 

The  female  has  never  been  described.  It  differs  from  the  male  in 
having  the  blue  of  the  head  confined  to  the  throat,  the  cheeks  being 
light  green.  Around  eye  a  ring  of  green  lighter  than  that  of 
crown.  The  blue  collar  is  replaced  by  an  indistinct  collar  of  faint 
orange  yellow.  Rump  only  slightly  lighter  than  back  and  green, 
not  yellow  as  in  male.  Under  surface  slightly  lighter  and  more 
yellowish.  Thighs  green  instead  of  yellow. 

A  young  male  is  like  the  female  but  has  less  blue  on  sides  of 
throat. 

Loriculus  worcesteri  Steere. 

Loriculus  worcesteri  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  8(1890) 
Loriculus  apicalis  Salvad.  (Part.  Samar  &  Leyte  only),  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus. 
xx.  p.  528  (1*91). 

Count  Salvador!  identifies  L.  worcesteri  with  L  apicalis.  He 
records  a  single  specimen  collected  by  Mr.  E.  L.  Moseley  of  the 
Steere  Expedition,  as  being  in  the  British  Museum  collection.  We 
are  decidedly  of  the  opinion  that  Dr.  Steere's  determination  will 
hold  good  and  that  Salvador!  will  agree  with  us  when  he  has  a 
larger  series  of  specimens  at  his  disposal.  The  Marquis  of  Tweed- 
dale  noted  certain  differences  between  the  birds  of  this  genus  col- 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   DESCRIBED.  51 

lected  by  Mr.  Everett  in  southern  Leyte  and  typical  L.  apicalis 
from  Mindanao  and  provisionally  identified  them  with  the  latter 
species  pending  farther  investigation. 

The  differences  between  the  Samar  and  Mindanao  birds  are:  First, 
that  the  red  mark  on  crown  of  Samar  birds  is  distinctly  narrower  than 
in  those  from  Mindanao  and  tapers  sharply  to  a  point  on  the  nape 
instead  of  spreading  out  and  ending  broadly. 

Second,  the  feathers  of  the  back  are  barely  tinged  with  golden,  not 
one  of  our  specimens  showing  anything  like  the  amount  of  color 
exhibited  by  Mindanao  birds. 

The  Samar  and  Mindanao  birds  can  be  readily  separated  by  the 
head  markings  alone  and  there  is  far  more  difference  between  them 
than  between  other  species  recognized  by  Salvador},  such,  for  in- 
stance, as  Prioniturus  discurus  (Vieill. )  and  Prioniturus  suluensis 
Salvad. 

Xantholaema  intermedia  Shelley. 

Xantholaema  intermedia  Shelley,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xix.  p.  97  (1891). 
We  note  certain  plumage  difference  between  the  Cebu,  Negros  and 
Tablas  birds.  The  Negros  birds  best  agree  with  Shelley's  descrip- 
tion. Tablas  birds  also  agree  with  the  description  in  having  feath- 
ers of  back  without  lighter  edges,  but  they  have  the  black  stripe 
bordering  red  of  throat  washed  with  olive  green  instead  of  olive  grey. 
The  Cebu  birds,  which  were  obtained  in  June,  have  light  edgings 
to  feathers  of  upper  surface,  show  more  yellow  in  the  spots  above 
and  below  eye  than  do  birds  from  Negros  and  Talbas,  and  have 
stripe  between  eye  and  throat  almost  pure  black,  sometimes  faintly 
washed  with  olive  grey.  They  also  differ,  in  that  the  black  of  hind 
crown  and  nape  is  much  less  heavily  washed  with  olive  grey. 


The  Philippine  representatives  of  the  Genus  lyngipicus. 

Much  confusion  still  exists  as  to  the  Philippine  representatives  of 
this  genus,  witness  Hargitt's  recording  I.  maculatus  (Scop.)  from 
Luzon  (!).  The  type  of  this  species  was  obtained  by  Sonnerat  at 
Antique  ("Antigua")  in  north  Panay. 

Lord  Walden  (P.  Z.  S.  ix.  p.  148,  1875)  united  the  Luzon,  Panay 
and  Mindanao  birds  on  the  supposition  that  the  three  islands  possessed 
but  one  species.  This  supposition  he  afterwards  had  occasion  to 
modify  when  he  obtained  some  material  on  which  to  work. 


52  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

The  Luzon  birds  collected  by  Everett  were  identified  by  Walden 
as  I.  maculatus  and  the  Mindanao-Basilan  species  as  I.  validirostris. 
In  Ibis,  1881,  p.  597,  Hargitt  very  properly  separates  the  Mindanao- 
Basilan  form  under  the  name  I.  fulvifasciatus. 

In  J.  f.  O.  1882,  p.  227,  Kutter  describes  a  single  specimen  from 
Guimaras  under  the  names  "  Yungipicus  maculatus  Scop."  and 
"Baepipo  validirostris  Cab."  Kutter's  example  was  a  poor  one,  as 
he  expressly  states,  and  having  no  material  for  comparison  he  un- 
hesitatingly united  the  Guimaras  and  Luzon  birds. 

Dr.  J.  B.  Steere,  the  first  naturalist  before  whom  a  series  of  speci- 
mens from  all  these  localities  ever  lay,  saw  at  once  the  differences 
between  the  Luzon  and  Panay  birds,  which  unfortunately  he  seems 
not  to  have  thought  worth  pointing  out.  and  rightly  retained  the 
name  "maculatus"  for  the  Panay  species.  The  Luzon  birds  he 
called  "validirostris,"  with  apparent  reason  as  they  most  certainly 
are  not  maculatus  and  the  birds  described  by  Blyth  may  well  have 
come  from  Luzon.  The  Mindanao-Basilan  species  he  re-described 
under  the  name  "Yungipicus  basilanica,"  overlooking  Hargitt's 
name  and  description  entirely. 

We  note  the  following  differences  between  the  Luzon-Marinduque- 
Mindoro  birds  and  those  from  Panay,  Guimaras,  Negros  and  Cebu. 
I.  validirostris,  the  first  mentioned  species,  has  "the  upper  parts, 
together  with  wings,  tail,  also  their  coverts  brownish  black."  I. 
maculatus  has  these  parts  very  light  rusty  brown  and  the  wing- 
coverts  and  quills  are  spotted  with  buffy  white,  not  pure  white  as  in 
L  validirostris.  Bars  on  tail  buffy  white.  Shafts  of  quills  rusty 
brown.  Occiput,  nape  and  hind-neck  rusty  brown  like  back,  the  black 
of  I.  validirostris  being  entirely  lacking.  A  broad  scarlet  stripe  on 
side  of  occiput,  the  stripes  of  opposite  sides  being  nearly  confluent 
on  nape.  No  black  tips  on  nasal  plumes.  Auricular  stripe  rusty 
brown,  not  broivnish  black.  The  fulvescent  wash  on  under  surface  of 
I.  validirostris  usually  entirely  lacking  and  always  very  faint.  Ill-de- 
fined rusty  brown  stripes  on  under  surface  in  place  of  sharp  black 
markings  of  I.  validirostris.  I.  maculatus  is  also  lighter  on  rump 
than  is  I.  validirostris,  the  feathers  being  faintly  spotted  with  lighter 
color  and  not  barred  as  in  I.  validirostris.  The  adult  female  of  I. 
maculatus  is  like  the  male  but  lacks  the  scarlet  markings  on  head. 

The  other  species  of  the  genus  found  in  the  Philippine  islands 
with  the  possible  exception  of  that  from  Samar  and  Leyte  are  so 
well  marked  that  no  possibility  of  confusion  exists. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY    DESCRIBED.  53 

Chrysocolaptes  rufopunctatus  Harg. 

Chrysocolaptes  rufopunctatus  Harg.  Ibis,  1889,  p.  231. 

Chrysocolaptes  samarensis  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  8  (1890). 

Another  case  in  which  Dr.  Steere  re-described  a  species  already 
known. 

Thriponax  philippinensis  Steere. 

Thriponax  philippinensis  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  8  (1890);  id. 
Ibis,  1891,  p.  305. 

Dr.  Steere's  description  of  this  species  is  so  brief  that  we  venture 
to  add  to  it  somewhat. 

Adult  male  in  breeding  plumage.  Forehead  and  crown  to  nape 
brilliant  scarlet.  Elongated  feathers  of  crown  and  nape  with  yel- 
lowish white  bases  and  shaft  stripes  of  same  color  extending  half 
their  length.  A  scarlet  stripe  from  base  of  lower  mandible  to  ear. 
Lores,  stripe  under  eye,  auricular  region,  chin,  throat  and  sides  of 
neck  black,  some  of  the  feathers  tipped  with  scarlet,  others  with 
creamy  white.  Feathers  of  thighs  buffy  white  with  broad  central 
spots  of  black.  Lower  breast,  abdomen,  flanks,  under  wing- coverts, 
axillaries,  basal  fifth  of  inner  webs  of  secondaries  and  a  narrow 
stripe  on  rump  creamy  white.  All  other  parts  black,  tips  of  pri- 
maries and  tail-feathers  rusty.  Feathers  of  fore-breast  uniform 
black  except  a  few  of  those  immediately  bordering  the  white  of  the 
breast  which  are  tipped  with  that  color.  Many  feathers  of  hind- 
neck  and  interscapulars  broadly  tipped  with  scarlet  but  the  latter 
markings,  as  well  as  scarlet  and  white  tips  on  feathers  of  sides  of 
face  and  throat,  are  very  variable. 

Adult  female.  Like  the  male,  but  has  forehead  and  crown  pure 
black  and  lacks  the  scarlet  cheek  patch.  Few  of  the  feathers  of 
head  and  neck  are  tipped  with  white  and  none  are  tipped  with 
scarlet. 

Sarcophanops  steerii  Sharpe. 
Sarcophanops  steerii  Sharpe;  Sclater,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xiv.  p.  482  (1888). 

There  has  been  some  difference  of  opinion  between  Dr.  Steere  and 
Mr.  A.  Everett  as  to  the  color  of  the  eyes  of  this  interesting  species. 
Both  were  right  and  there  was  abundant  room  for  still  more  diverg- 
ence of  opinion.  The  eyes  of  S.  steerii  are  golden  yellow,  bright 
green  or  a  beautiful  blue  according  to  the  way  the  light  strikes 
them. 

The  locality  "Mindoro"  given  for  this  species  in  Dr.  Steere's  list 
is  a  misprint  for  Mindanao.  No  representative  of  the  genus  was 
found  by  the  Steere  Expedition  in  Mindoro. 


54  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

The  young  show  some  interesting  plumage  changes.  An  imma- 
ture male  has  the  under  surface  white,  some  of  the  feathers  tipped 
with  pale  lilac.  Chin  black  but  throat  white,  a  few  black  feathers 
just  appearing.  Head  as  in  adult  but  white  nuchal  collar  much 
narrower.  Back  and  wing-coverts  washed  with  olive  green,  the 
wing-bar  being  ill-defined  and  paler  than  in  adult.  Rump  and  tail 
as  in  adult.  Bill  as  in  adult  except  center  of  upper  mandible 
which  is  black. 

Another  young  male,  slightly  older,  has  chin  and  throat  black, 
the  feathers  narrowly  tipped  with  white  and  shows  more  lilac 
on  breast.  Crown,  nape  and  back  washed  with  olive  green,  purple 
appearing  on  one  or  two  feathers  of  forehead.  Bill  pure  black. 

A  young  female  is  like  the  first  young  male  described  but  with- 
out lilac  on  under  surface. 

Sarcophanops  samarensis  Steere. 

Sarcophanops  samarensis  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  23  (1890);  id. 
Ibis,  1891,  p.  316. 

Adult  male:  Much  smaller  than  S.  steerii.  Head,  back  and 
scapulars  purple  somewhat  mottled  with  brown.  White  nuchal 
collar  very  narrow  and  ill-defined.  Purple  of  back  gradually 
changing  into  brown  on  rump.  Tips  of  scapulars  black.  Upper 
tail  coverts  and  tail  bright  chestnut.  Upper  wing  coverts  black. 
Tertiaries  barred  across  both  webs  with  pure  white.  Three  secon- 
daries with  lilac  spot  on  outer  webs.  Tips  of  secondaries  and  ter- 
tiaries  black  Primaries  blackish  brown.  Chin,  throat,  sides  of 
face,  ear- co verts  and  lores  pure  black.  Breast,  abdomen  and  flanks 
lilac,  deeper  on  upper  breast,  lighter  on  abdomen.  Thighs  black, 
the  feathers  tipped  with  brown.  Under  tail-coverts  light  buff.  Axil- 
laries  white.  Under  wing-coverts  black.  Bend  of  wing  white. 

Female  like  male  except  that  the  lilac  of  under  surface  is  replaced 
by  white.  Bill,  legs,  feet,  nails  and  eyes  exactly  as  in  S.  steerii 
and  the  young  show  the  same  plumage  changes  as  in  that  species. 

Average  measurements  from  five  males:  Length,  6.02  inches. 
Wing,  3.06.  Tail,  2.44.  Culmen,  .87.  Tarsus,  .80. 

Ten  males  of  S.  steerii  average  6.86  inches  in  length.  Wing,  3.33. 
Tail,  2.37.  Culmen,  .93.  Tarsus,  .86. 

Oriolus  samarensis  Steere. 

Oriolus  samarensis  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  17  (1890);    id.  Ibis, 
1891,  p.  311. 

Sexes  alike.  General  cover  above  slightly  lighter  than  in  O. 
steerii.  Lores,  chin,  throat  and  upper  breast  uniform  light  ashy 
grey  lighter  than  in  0.  steerii.  Ear-coverts  and  sides  of  neck  like 


SPECIES    PREVIOUSLY    DESCRIBED.  55 

back.  Wing  much  yellower  than  in  O.  steerii,  the  yellow  extending 
clown  to  outer  webs  of  primaries.  Black  markings  of  lower  breast 
and  abdomen  narrower  than  in  O.  steerii.  Axillaries  and  under  wing- 
coverts,  inner  half  of  inner  webs  of  secondaries  and  inner  edges  of 
basal  half  of  primaries  bright  yellow.  Central  tail-feathers  un- 
marked as  in  O.  steerii. 

Average  measurements  from  five  males.  Length,  7.72  inches. 
Wing,  4.15.  Tail,  2.85.  Culmen,  .95.  Tarsus,  .81. 

Cinnyris  guimarasensis  Steere. 

Cinr.yris  guimarasensis  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  22  (1890);  id. 
Ibis,  1891,  p.  315. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  Dr.  Steere  did  not  find  some  more  appro- 
priate name  than  "guimarasensis"  for  this  beautiful  species.  Gui- 
maras  is,  zoologically  speaking,  a  part  of  Panay,  and  the  species  in 
question  was  found  in  Panay  by  Mr.  Worcester  a  few  weeks  after  its 
discovery  in  Guimaras.  Upon  our  return  to  the  Philippine  islands 
we  obtained  a  fine  series  of  specimens  from  the  mountains  of  Panay. 
The  female  seems  never  to  have  been  described.  Adult  female:  Head 
and  nape  light  olive  green,  becoming  browner  on  back,  wing- coverts 
and  outer  webs  of  secondaries.  Upper  tail- coverts  like  back.  Tail 
black,  webs  of  central  pair  of  feathers  washed  with  same  color  as 
back.  Sides  of  face  dark  ashy  grey,  edges  of  feathers  darker  than 
centers.  Chin  light  yellow.  Entire  throat  grey  faintly  washed 
with  yellow.  Entire  breast  bright  orange  yellow  paler  on  flanks, 
abdomen  and  under  tail-coverts.  Axillaries,  under  wing-coverts  and 
inner  webs  of  quills  pure  white. 


Dicaeum  trigonostigma  and  its  Philippine  allies. 

It  is  well  known  that  Dr.  Sharpe  identified  a  Dicaeum  brought 
back  by  Dr.  Steere  in  1874  and  supposed  to  have  come  from  Negros, 
as  D.  trigonostigma.  This  identification  has  since  been  called  in 
question  by  tho  Marquis  of  Tweeddale  and  others. 

The  specimen  in  question  is  still  in  existence  in  the  Museum  of  the 
University  of  Michigan.  There  is  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  it  is 
D.  trigonostigma  but  in  our  opinion  there  is  very  grave  doubt  as  to 
its  ever  having  come  from  Negros.  By  some  means  labels  seem  to  have 
become  displaced  on  a  number  of  the  birds  collected  by  Dr.  Steere 
at  this  time  (e.  g.  Parus  elegans  from  Palawan).  The  specimen  in 
question  no  longer  bears  Dr.  Steere's  original  label  and  the  Doctor 


56  BOURNS   AND  WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

himself  does  not  feel  at  all  sure  that  it  came  from  Negros.  D.  tri- 
gonostigma  may,  then,  be  safely  excluded  from  the  list  of  Philip, 
pine  Dicaeidae,  especially  since  the  bird  fauna  of  Negros  is  well 
known,  and  no  other  collector  has  ever  met  with  it  there,  whereas, 
D.  dorsale  is  very  abundant  in  the  island. 

There  are,  however,  nine  species  of  Dicaeidae  in  the  Philippines 
which  must,  we  think,  be  regarded  as  representative  species  of  D.  tri- 
gonostigma.  One  of  these,  D.  besti  Steere,  from  Siquijor,  has  not 
been  very  completely  described  and  the  female  was  unknown  to 
Dr.  Steere. 

Dicaeum  besti  is  a  well  marked  species  discovered  by  ourselves  in 
1888.  It  is  apparently  confined  to  the  little  island  of  Siquijor. 

Adult  male.  Above  like  D.  cinereigulare  but  with  a  slightly 
heavier  yellow  wash  on  rump.  Chin  bright  yellow.  Throat  and  up- 
per breast  bluish  gray. 

Adult  female.  Entire  upper  surface  and  sides  of  head  and  neck 
slaty  grey  washed  with  olive  green  most  heavily  on  back  and  upper 
tail- coverts.  Wing-coverts  and  secondaries  edged  with  olive  green. 
Rest  of  upper  surface  of  wing  dark  blackish  brown,  the  primaries 
edged  with  ashy  grey.  Chin  and  throat  light  yellow.  Sides  of 
throat,  breast  and  flanks  ashy  grey  washed  with  yellow.  A  stripe 
of  bright  yellow  beginning  on  breast  and  running  down  abdomen, 
lender  tail-coverts  bright  yellow.  Under  wing-coverts  and  inner 
webs  of  quills  white  faintly  washed  with  yellow.  Axillaries  light 
yellow. 

The  males  of  the  nine  species  may  be  characterized  as  follows: 

D.  xanthopygium  has  yellow  rump  and  throat  and  orange  breast. 

D.  intermedia  has  the  rump  slaty  blue  very  faintly  washed  with  olive 
green.  Chin  and  throat  grey  uniformly  washed  with  yellow.  Breast 
pale  orange . 

D.  sibuyanica  has  rump  faintly  washed  with  yellow,  a  clear  uni- 
form blue  grey  throat  and  a  pale  orange  breast.  It  is  farther  dis- 
tinguished by  its  size,  being  the  largest  representative  of  the  D.  tri- 
gonostigma  type  yet  discovered  in  the  Philippines. 

D.  dorsale.  Rump  uniform  with  back  or  very  faintly  tinged  with 
olive  green.  Under  surface  intense  orange  usually  paler  on  throat. 

D.  pallidior.  Rump  uniform  with  back.  Under  surface  paler  than  in 
any  other  Philippine  representative  of  the  D.  trigonostrigma  type.  Breast 
only  very  faintly  orange. 

D.  besti.  Male  has  rump  washed  with  olive.  Chin  yellow,  throat 
grey,  breast  bright  orange.  The  female  also  differs  strikingly  from 
that  of  any  other  Philippine  species  having  the  throat  much  like 
that  of  the  male. 


SPECIES    PREVIOUSLY    DESCRIBED.  57 

D.  cinereigulare.  Chin  and  upper  throat  ydlow.  Sides  of  throat  and 
lower  throat  grey  ivashed  with  yellow.  Breast  brilliant  orange  nearly 
equalling  that  of  D.  dorsale  in  intensity. 

D.  assimilis.  Rump  heavily  washed  with  yellow.  Throat  ashy 
MUCH  DARKER  than  in  D.  sibuyanica.  Breast  tinged  with  orange. 

D.  sibutense.  Throat  uniform  with  head.  Lower  back  and  rump 
slightly  washed  with  olive. 

Each  of  these  species  is,  so  far  as  we  know,  confined  to  a  definite 
area  so  that  no  two  overlap. 

Prionochilus  quadricolor  Tweed. 
Prionochilus  quadricolor  Tweed.;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  x.  p.  70  (1885). 

This  fine  species  is  not  uncommon  in  the  forest  of  Cebu  but  seems 
never  to  be  found  in  open  country,  and  as  the  small  amount  of  forest 
remaining  on  the  island  is  rapidly  being  cleared  away  we  fear  that 
P.  quadricolor  will  become  extinct  before  many  years  if,  as  seems 
at  present  possible,  it  is  confined  to  the  island  of  Cebu. 

We  are  now  able  to  furnish  descriptions  of  the  adult  female  and 
young. 

Adult  female.  Above  brown,  head  faintly  washed  with  olive. 
Back,  wing-coverts  and  outer  webs  of  secondaries  heavily  washed 
with  olive  yellow.  Rump  almost  entirely  of  the  latter  color.  Entire 
under  surface  greyish  white  faintly  tinged  with  olive  yellow,  lighter 
along  center  of  breast  and  abdomen.  Under  wing-coverts,  axilla- 
ries  and  inner  webs  of  quills  pure  white. 

Young  male  like  female  but  lacks  yellow  wash  on  outer  webs  of 
secondaries,  the  wing  and  tail  being  black  as  in  adult  male. 

Prionochilus  modestus  Hume. 
Prionochilus  modestus  Hume.  Str.  F.  p.  289  (1875). 

A  series  of  birds  obtained  by  us  in  Palawan  most  nearly  agree  with 
the  above  species  and  are  provisionally  so  identified  pending  com- 
parison. 

Zosterops  everetti  Tweed. 

Zosterops  everetti  Tweed.;  Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  ix.  p.  163  (1884). 
Zosterops  basilanica  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  21  (1890);    id. 
Ibis,  1891,  p.  314. 

After  examining  a  large  series  of  birds  from  Cebu,  Samar,  Min- 
danao, Basilan,  Sulu  and  Tawi  Tawi  we  have  come  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  there  is  no  ground  for  separating  the  birds  from  the  south. 

The  specimens  collected  by  the  Steere  Expedition  were  obtained 
in  the  month  of  November  while  those  from  Cebu,  Ley te  and  Samar 


58  BOURNS    AND    WORCESTER:    PRELIMINARY    NOTES, 

were  obtained  in  March  and  April,  The  differences  enumerated  by 
Dr.  Steere  (1.  c.)  certainly  existed  between  the  Cebu  and  Basilan 
birds  but  we  failed  to  detect  them  in  the  birds  from  Samar.  Our 
private  collections  contained  typical  Z.  everetti  from  Samar  and  the 
birds  from  that  island  were  so  identified  by  us. 

On  our  present  trip  we  again  collected  in  Basilan  in  the  autumn 
and  the  same  differences  show  themselves  between  the  birds  then 
collected  and  those  obtained  in  Cebu  in  July  of  the  following  year. 
Our  collections  in  Sulu  and  Tawi  Tawi  were  made  later  than  those 
from  Basilan  and  while  many  of  the  birds  secured  there  are  young, 
or  in  poor  plumage,  we  have  typical  Z.  everetti  from  both  locali- 
ties. Dr.  Sharpe  also  records  Z.  everetti  as  collected  in  Tawi  Tawi 
and  Bongao  by  Everett  but  we  do  not  know  in  what  month. 

We  find  no  difference  in  either  the  breadth  or  depth  of  color  of 
the  yellow  stripe  on  under  surface  of  the  northern  and  southern 
birds  and  think  the  slight  difference  in  the  amount  of  yellow  about 
the  lores  to  be  purely  .a  matter  of  season,  the  amount  of  yellow 
increasing  as  the  breeding  time  approaches. 

Cittocincla  cebuensis  Steere. 

Cittocincla  cebuensis  Steere,  List  B.  and  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  20  (1890);  id. 
Ibis.  1890,  p.  314. 

Apparently  confined  to  the  island  of   Cebu  where  it  is  very  rare. 

An  immature  female  is  slaty  black  above,  tail  dull  black.  Wing- 
coverts  brown  tipped  with  distinct  spots  of  rufous  brown,  these 
spots  forming  two  irregular  bars.  Quills  fulvous  brown.  Prima- 
ries faintly  washed  on  outer  webs  with  rufous  brown.  Forehead 
brownish.  Lores,  ring  around  eye,  sides  of  face  and  chin  light 
rufous  brown.  Center  of  throat  and  upper  breast  slaty  grey,  a  few 
of  the  feathers  still  retaining  brownish  centers.  Rest  of  under 
surface  slaty  black  washed  with  brown.  Under  tail-coverts  black 
with  brown  shaft  stripes. 

Mixornis  plateni  Bias. 
Mixornis  plateni  Bias.  J.  f.  O.  pp.  145, 147,  1890. 

A  Mixornis  apparently  of  this  species,  with  which  it  agrees  in 
size,  was  found  by  us  in  Samar.  But  two  specimens  were  secured. 
One  of  these  is  immature.  The  head  was  broken  from  the  other  in 
shipping  and  has  been  lost  so  that  we  are  unable  to  identify  the 
Samar  birds  with  absolute  certainty,  but  they  are  either  M.  plateni 
or  a  very  closely  allied  species.  Length  of  adult  bird  4.25  inches. 
Tarsus,  .56.  Tail,  1.85.  Wing,  2.12.  Iris  with  yellowish  white  inner 
and  red  outer  ring. 


SPECIES   PREVIOUSLY   DESCRIBED.  59 

An  immature  male  is  olive  brown  above,  the  feathers  of  head  and 
back  with  white  shaft  stripes.  Tail  fulvous  brown  the  feathers 
edged  with  rusty  brown.  Wing  coverts  like  back.  Quills  fulvous 
brown,  their  outer  edges  washed  with  light  rufous  brown.  A  line 
of  nearly  black  feathers  with  white  shafts  over  eye.  Ear-coverts 
dark,  with  distinct  white  shaft  lines.  Feathers  of  upper  throat 
blackish  with  broad  white  shaft  markings.  Lower  throat  and  breast 
dark  ashy,  some  of  the  feathers  with  ill-defined  lighter  shaft  mark- 
ings. Lower  breast  and  abdomen  nearly  white,  the  feathers  soft 
and  fluffy.  Flanks  ashy  grey.  Under  wing-coverts  axillaries,  inner 
webs  of  quills  and  under  tail-coverts  buffy  white. 

Cyanomyias  helenae  Steere. 

Cyanomyais  helenae  Steere.  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  16  (1890);  id.  Ibis, 
1891,  p.  311. 

We  obtained  a  good  series  of  specimens  of  this  fine  species  and 
are  able  to  furnish  a  description  of  the  adult  female,  which  is  dull 
verditer  blue  above,  much  brighter  on  head.  Forehead  and  line 
over  eye  cobalt  blue.  Feathers  of  crest  but  slightly  elongated.  Tail 
brownish  black  washed  with  verditer  blue.  Shafts  of  feathers 
black.  Wing  coverts  and  outer  edges  of  quils  like  back.  Chin  blu- 
ish grey.  Cheeks,  ear-coverts,  throat  and  upper  breast  azure  blue, 
brightest  on  cheeks.  Abdomen  and  under  tail-coverts  white.  Under 
surface  of  tail  dark  brown.  Shafts  white.  Under  wing- coverts  and 
axillaries  grey  broadly  tipped  with  white.  Inner  webs  of  quills 
washed  with  white.  Bend  of  wing  washed  with  verditer  blue. 

Four  males  measure  5.40  inches  in  length.  Wing,  2.85.  Tail, 
2.90.  Culmen,  .61.  Tarsus,  .64.  A  female  is  larger  measuring  6.06 
inches  in  length.  Wing,  2  86.  Tail,  2.70.  Culmen,  .64.  Tarsus,  .67. 

Orthotomus  castaneiceps  Wald. 

Orthotomus  castaneiceps  Wald.;    Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  vii.  p.  223 

(1883). 
Orthotomus  panayensis  Steere,  List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  20  (1890);    id. 

Ibis,  1891,  p.  314. 

Dr.  Steere  has  attempted  to  separate  the  Panay  tailor  bird  from 
that  of  Guimaras  and  Negros  but  after  a  most  careful  examination 
of  a  large  series  of  specimens  from  Panay,  Negros  and  Masbate  we 
are  compelled  to  say  that  there  is  not  the  slightest  difference  be- 
tween the  birds  from  the  three  islands.  Their  size  is  the  same. 
The  wash  of  olive  green  on  the  back,  on  which  Dr.  Steere  relied  to 
separate  the  Panay  birds,  is  a  variable  character  present  in  some 
birds,  absent  in  others  shot  at  the  same  season.  It  occurs  in  birds 


60  BOURNS  AND    WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

from  Negros  and  Masbate  as  well  as  in  those  from  Panay.  The 
presumptive  evidence  against  finding  one  species  of  Orthotomus  in 
Panay  and  another  in  Guimaras  is  of  course  very  strong.  Guimaras 
is  to  all  intents  and  purposes  a  part  of  Panay  and  there  are  no 
other  known  differences  between  the  birds  of  the  two  islands.  Mas- 
bate  is  a  new  locality  for  the  species. 

lole  philippinensis  (Gm.). 

lole  philippensis  (Gm.);  Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  vol.  vi.  p.  58  (1881). 
lole  guimarasensis  Steere.  List-B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  19  (1890);    id.  Ibis, 
1891,  p.  313. 

Dr.  Steere  separates  the  lole  from  Panay,  Guimaras  and  Negros 
from  the  Luzon,  Samar,  Bohol,  Cebu,  Leyte  and  Mindanao  birds. 
He  states  that  I.  guimarasensis  has  the  "size  and  general  coloring 
of  I.  rufigularis,  with  the  light  shaft  streaks  of  I.  philippinensis." 

The  latter  character  would  not  seem  to  be  of  especial  value  in  dif- 
ferentiating it  from  I.  philippinensis  and  we  can  find  nothing  in 
the  size  or  color  of  our  large  series  of  specimens  from  the  central 
Philippines  to  warrant  us  in  separating  them  from  typical  I.  philip- 
pinensis. 

Dr.  Steere  mentions  the  very  different  note  of  the  Cebu  birds. 
We  were  unable  to  perceive  the  slightest  difference  in  the  notes  of 
the  birds  in  question  and  incline  to  the  opinion  that  the  doctor 
must  have  heard  the  note  of  I.  monticola  when  he  crossed  over 
into  Cebu. 


MAMMALS   COLLECTED.  61 

V. 
LIST  OF  MAMMALS  COLLECTED. 

Macacus  philippinensis  Geoffr. 

Macacus  philippinensis  Geoffr.;  Gunther,  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  74. 
Occurs  in  every  island  visited  by  us.     Tamed  and  carried  every- 
where by  the  natives. 

Nycticebus  tardigradus  Linn. 

Nycticebus  tardigradus  Linn.;  Everett,  Mammals  of  the  Bornean  Islands, 
p.  494  (1893). 

Common  in  Bongao.  Less  common  in  the  part  of  Tawi  Tawi 
visited  by  us  but  occurs  there.  Called  "shame  face"  by  the 
Spaniards  because  of  its  curious  habit  of  hiding  its  face. 

Tarsius  spectrum  Pallas. 

Tarsius  spectrum  Pall.;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  494. 
Samar. 

Tupaia  javanica  Horsf. 

Tupaia  javanica  Horsf.;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  495. 
Palawan,     Calamianes. 

Galeopithecus  philippinensis  Waterh. 

Galeopithecus  philippinensis  Watetu.;  Gunther,  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  74. 
Basilan,  Mindanao,  Samar. 

Mydaus  marchei  Heut. 

Mydaus  marchei  Heut  ;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  495. 
Palawan,  Calamianes. 

Arctitis  binturong   Raffles. 

Arctitis  binturong  Raffles;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  495. 
Palawan. 

Paradoxurus  philippinensis  Jourdan. 
Paradoxurus  philippinensis  Jourd.;  Gi'mther,  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  75. 
Mindoro,   Panay,   Negros,   Mindanao,  Basilan,  Palawan.     Proba- 
bly occurs  on  every  island  of  any  size  in  the  group. 


62  BOURNS   AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

Viverra  tangalunga  Gray. 

Viverra  tangalunga  Gray;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  495. 
Siquijor,  Panay,  Mindoro,  Mindanao,  Palawan,  Calamianes. 
Like  the  preceding  species,  V.  tangalunga  ranges  throughout  the 
group. 

Felis  bengalensis  Kerr. 

Felis  bengaleusis  Kerr;  Blanford,  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  p.  631. 
Felis  ruinuta  Temm.;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1889,  p.  223. 

Panay,  Negros,  Cebu. 

An  animal  which  was  in  all  probability  a  cross  between  this 
species  and  the  common  house  cat  was  seen  by  us  at  the  house  of 
Mr.  C.  R.  Blair  Pickford,  Toledo,  Cebu. 

Hystrix  pumila  Gunther. 
Hystrix  pumila  G.;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  495. 
Palawan,  Calamianes. 

Sciuropterus  nigripes  Thos. 

Sciuropterous  nigripes  Thos.;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  495. 
Palawan. 

Sciurus  steerii  Giinther. 
Sciurus  steerii  G.;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  496. 
Palawan. 

Sciurus  samarensis  Steere. 

•  Sciurus  samarensis  Steere.    List  B.  &  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  30. 
Samar. 

Sciurus  mindanensis  Steere. 

Sciurus  mindanensis  Steere,  List  B.  and  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  29, 1890. 
Mindanao,  Basilan. 

Sciurus  mindanensis  Steere  and  Sciurus  cagsi  Meyer  seem  to 
be  synonyms. 

Sciurus  coccinus  Thomas. 

Sciurus  coccinus  Thomas;  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (6)  vol.  ii,  p.  407  (1888). 
Sciurus  philippinensis  Steere,  List  B.  and  M.  Steere  Exped.  p.  29. 
Mindanao,  Basilan. 


MAMMALS   COLLECTED.  63 

Bubalus  kerabau  ferus. 

Bubalus  kerabau  ferus  Nehring,  Seitzungsbericht  der  Gesellschaft  natur- 

fnrschender  Freunde  zu  Berlin,  No.  6,  1890,  p.  101. 
Bubalus  indicus  Steere,  P.  Z.  S.  1889,  p.  415. 

Found  wild  by  us  in  Mindoro,  the  Calamianes  and  Masbate.  Oc- 
curs in  the  wild  state  in  Luzon,  Negros  and  Mindanao  as  well. 

Bubalus  mindorensis  Heude. 

Bubalus  mindorensis  Heude;  Nehring,  Sitzungsbericht  der  Ges.  naturfor- 
schender  Freunde  zu  Berlin,  No.  6,  p.  101,  1890. 

Probubalus  mindorensis  Steere,  List  B.  and  M.  Steere  Exped. 
p.  28  (1890). 

Mindoro. 

Tragulus  javanicus  Gmel. 
Tragulus  javanicus  Gmel.;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  p.  223. 
Balabac. 

Manis  javanica  Desm. 

Manis  javanica  Desm.;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  496. 
Palawan,  Calamianes. 
Sus  celebensis  var.  philippinensis. 

Sus  celebensis  var.  philippinensis  Nehring.  Tawi  Tawi,  Sulu. 
Basilan,  Mindanao,  Samar,  Negros,  Panay,  Mindoro,  Si  buy  an, 
Luzon,  Masbate. 

Sus  ahaenobarbus  Heut. 

Sus  ahaenobarbus  Heut.;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1893,  p.  496. 
Palawan,  Calamianes, 


A  considerable  number  of  mammals,  including  deer  from  Masbate, 
Sulu,  and  the  Calamianes  islands,  and  bats  from  various  localities, 
have  not  yet  been  identified.  Skeletons  of  the  mammals  as  well  as 
skins  were  invariably  collected  while  many  of  the  small  mammals 
as  well  as  numerous  birds  were  preserved  entire  in  alcohol. 


64  BOURNS  AND   WORCESTER:   PRELIMINARY   NOTES. 

Those  who  wish  to  verify  statements  made  in  this  paper  will  be 
given  an  opportunity  to  acquire  the  necessary  material.  Series  of 
fifteen  specimens  showing  the  variations  in  color  of  Ceyx  bournsi 
will  be  sent  to  any  responsible  person  who  will  undertake  to  pay 
transportation  charges  and  return  them  within  a  reasonable  time. 

Requests  for  such  material  may  be  addressed  to  Henry  L.  Osborn 
Hamline  University,  Saint  Paul,  Minnesota,  or  Dean  C.  Worcester. 
9  Elm  street,  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 

MINNEAPOLIS,  December  8,  1894. 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

405  Hilgard  Avenue,  Los  Angeles,  CA  90024-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library 

from  which  it  was  borrowed. 


QL323 
B6 


Bourns,  Frank  Swift 

Preliminary  notes  on  the 
birds  and  mammals  collected 
by  the  Menage  Scientific 
Expedition  to  the 
Philippine  Islands. 


QL323 

B6 

189^ 


Bourns,  Frank  Swift 

Preliminary  notes  on  the 
birds  and  mammals  collected 
by  the  Menage  Scientific 
Expedition  to  the 
Philippine  Islands. 


BIO-AGRICULTURAL  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
RIVERSIDE,  CALIFORNIA  92502 


Unive 
Soi 


